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Objective <p>To systematically evaluate the effects of lifestyle interventions on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p> Methods <p>A search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wangfang was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the establishment of the database and April 2025. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were employed for meta-analysis, with subgroup analysis by measurement tool, intervention type, duration, and cognitive status. Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessments were performed by Stata 15.0.</p> Results <p>Twenty-seven eligible studies with a total of 2314 T2DM patients were included. A meta-analysis revealed that the combined effect size of lifestyle interventions on global cognitive function improvement was significant (<i>SMD</i> = 1.66, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.07 to 2.25, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The following four factors had significant effects on the global cognitive function: country (China [<i>SMD</i> = 2.16, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.44 to 2.88, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001], Iran [<i>SMD</i> = 1.10, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.07 to 2.12, <i>P</i> = 0.036], Japan [<i>SMD</i> = 0.80, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.15 to 1.46, <i>P</i> = 0.017]), intervention type (exercise [<i>SMD</i> = 1.52, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.90 to 2.14, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001], diet [<i>SMD</i> = 4.27, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.74 to 6.80, <i>P</i> = 0.001], comprehensive lifestyle [<i>SMD</i> = 0.77, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.05 to 1.48, <i>P</i> = 0.037]), intervention duration (&lt; 12 months [<i>SMD</i> = 2.19, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.50 to 2.87, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001]), and cognitive status (patients with mild cognitive impairment [<i>SMD</i> = 1.81, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.20 to 2.43, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001], patients with no mild cognitive impairment [<i>SMD</i> = 1.45, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.41 to 2.49, <i>P</i> = 0.006]).</p> Conclusion <p>Lifestyle interventions may improve the global cognitive function of patients with T2DM. Studies with larger sample sizes and higher quality are expected to yield robust and definitive conclusions.</p>

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The effect of lifestyle interventions on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Yuting Wang,
  • Qi Shi,
  • Yizhou Sun,
  • Yuxuan Shi,
  • Hong Hong,
  • Yuexia Gao

摘要

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effects of lifestyle interventions on cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

A search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wangfang was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the establishment of the database and April 2025. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were employed for meta-analysis, with subgroup analysis by measurement tool, intervention type, duration, and cognitive status. Meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessments were performed by Stata 15.0.

Results

Twenty-seven eligible studies with a total of 2314 T2DM patients were included. A meta-analysis revealed that the combined effect size of lifestyle interventions on global cognitive function improvement was significant (SMD = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.25, P < 0.001). The following four factors had significant effects on the global cognitive function: country (China [SMD = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.88, P < 0.001], Iran [SMD = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.07 to 2.12, P = 0.036], Japan [SMD = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.46, P = 0.017]), intervention type (exercise [SMD = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.90 to 2.14, P < 0.001], diet [SMD = 4.27, 95% CI: 1.74 to 6.80, P = 0.001], comprehensive lifestyle [SMD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.05 to 1.48, P = 0.037]), intervention duration (< 12 months [SMD = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.87, P < 0.001]), and cognitive status (patients with mild cognitive impairment [SMD = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.43, P < 0.001], patients with no mild cognitive impairment [SMD = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.41 to 2.49, P = 0.006]).

Conclusion

Lifestyle interventions may improve the global cognitive function of patients with T2DM. Studies with larger sample sizes and higher quality are expected to yield robust and definitive conclusions.