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Background <p>Parasites secrete and excrete a variety of molecules that evolved to help establish and sustain infections within hosts. Parasite adaptation to their host may lead to between-population divergence in these excretory and secretory products (ESPs), but few studies have tested for intraspecific variation in helminth proteomes.</p> Methods <p><i>Schistocephalus solidus</i> is a cestode that parasitizes the threespine stickleback, <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>. We used an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry protocol to characterize the ESPs and whole-body proteome of <i>S. solidus</i>. Specifically, we characterized the proteome of <i>S. solidus</i> at the plerocercoid stage from wild-caught stickleback from three lakes on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and one lake in Alaska (USA). We tested for differences in proteome composition among the four populations and specifically between ESPs and body tissue.</p> Results <p>Overall, we identified 1362 proteins in the total proteome of <i>S. solidus</i>, with 542 of the 1362 proteins detected exclusively in the ESPs. Of the ESP proteins, we found signaling peptides and transmembrane proteins that had not been previously detected or characterized in <i>S. solidus</i>. We also found that protein spectrum counts varied greatly among all lake populations.</p> Conclusions <p>These population-level differences were observed in both ESP and whole-body tissue types. Our study suggests that <i>S. solidus</i> can excrete and secrete a wide range of proteins which are distinct among populations. These differences might reflect plastic responses to host genotype differences, or evolved adaptations by <i>Schistocephalus</i> to different local host populations.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Among-population proteomic differences in Schistocephalus solidus based on excretory/secretory and total body protein predictions

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Anni Wang,
  • Daniel I. Bolnick

摘要

Background

Parasites secrete and excrete a variety of molecules that evolved to help establish and sustain infections within hosts. Parasite adaptation to their host may lead to between-population divergence in these excretory and secretory products (ESPs), but few studies have tested for intraspecific variation in helminth proteomes.

Methods

Schistocephalus solidus is a cestode that parasitizes the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. We used an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry protocol to characterize the ESPs and whole-body proteome of S. solidus. Specifically, we characterized the proteome of S. solidus at the plerocercoid stage from wild-caught stickleback from three lakes on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and one lake in Alaska (USA). We tested for differences in proteome composition among the four populations and specifically between ESPs and body tissue.

Results

Overall, we identified 1362 proteins in the total proteome of S. solidus, with 542 of the 1362 proteins detected exclusively in the ESPs. Of the ESP proteins, we found signaling peptides and transmembrane proteins that had not been previously detected or characterized in S. solidus. We also found that protein spectrum counts varied greatly among all lake populations.

Conclusions

These population-level differences were observed in both ESP and whole-body tissue types. Our study suggests that S. solidus can excrete and secrete a wide range of proteins which are distinct among populations. These differences might reflect plastic responses to host genotype differences, or evolved adaptations by Schistocephalus to different local host populations.

Graphical Abstract