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<p>This study introduces <i>Escherichia coli</i> MC3, demonstrating unique dual functionality in coupling lignin depolymerization with biohydrogen production from untreated food waste, thereby advancing sustainable biorefineries without energy-intensive pretreatments. MC3 demonstrated a lignin degradation rate of 50.3 ± 3.2% and an Azure B decolorization rate of 34.8 ± 2.1% over a 7-day period, as validated by UV–visible spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography identified ferulic acid (2.355&#xa0;mg/L) and vanillin (1.018&#xa0;mg/L) as primary byproducts of lignin degradation, thereby confirming its ligninolytic potential. Enzymatic assays revealed significant hydrolytic activity, with hydrolysis zones measuring 25.4 ± 1&#xa0;mm (proteases), 28.1 ± 2&#xa0;mm (cellulases), 20.5 ± 3&#xa0;mm (xylanases), and 6.8 ± 1&#xa0;mm (amylases). Whole-genome sequencing of the <i>E. coli</i> strain MC3 revealed a total of 4798 coding sequences. Among these, key genes identified include carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes: AA2, AA3, CE1), hydrolytic enzymes (GH2, GH13, GH8), multicopper oxidases (CueO, CopA), and biohydrogen-related enzymes (NikA, FbpC). These findings highlight the potential of MC3 for lignin degradation and hydrogen production. In batch fermentation assays, the strain demonstrated a hydrogen yield ranging from 0.292 to 1.004&#xa0;mol H2 per mol of substrate across various substrates, including xylose, glucose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, and food waste, with the highest yield obtained from food waste. The <i>E. coli</i> strain MC3 produced the highest cumulative hydrogen yield of 175 ± 10&#xa0;mL H₂/g VS from food waste. This study confirms the dual function of <i>E. coli</i> strain MC3 for conversion of lignin into vanillin and biomass into biohydrogen, suggesting the excluding energy-intensive pretreatments, substantial potential for sustainable biorefineries.</p>

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Bioconversion of lignin and food waste into vanillin and biohydrogen by Escherichia coli MC3: a novel dual-functional bacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Dongye Chuancheng,
  • Zhihe Li,
  • Waqar Iqbal,
  • Andong Zhang,
  • Hesham M. Hassan,
  • Ahmed Al-Emam,
  • Tawaf Ali Shah

摘要

This study introduces Escherichia coli MC3, demonstrating unique dual functionality in coupling lignin depolymerization with biohydrogen production from untreated food waste, thereby advancing sustainable biorefineries without energy-intensive pretreatments. MC3 demonstrated a lignin degradation rate of 50.3 ± 3.2% and an Azure B decolorization rate of 34.8 ± 2.1% over a 7-day period, as validated by UV–visible spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography identified ferulic acid (2.355 mg/L) and vanillin (1.018 mg/L) as primary byproducts of lignin degradation, thereby confirming its ligninolytic potential. Enzymatic assays revealed significant hydrolytic activity, with hydrolysis zones measuring 25.4 ± 1 mm (proteases), 28.1 ± 2 mm (cellulases), 20.5 ± 3 mm (xylanases), and 6.8 ± 1 mm (amylases). Whole-genome sequencing of the E. coli strain MC3 revealed a total of 4798 coding sequences. Among these, key genes identified include carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes: AA2, AA3, CE1), hydrolytic enzymes (GH2, GH13, GH8), multicopper oxidases (CueO, CopA), and biohydrogen-related enzymes (NikA, FbpC). These findings highlight the potential of MC3 for lignin degradation and hydrogen production. In batch fermentation assays, the strain demonstrated a hydrogen yield ranging from 0.292 to 1.004 mol H2 per mol of substrate across various substrates, including xylose, glucose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, and food waste, with the highest yield obtained from food waste. The E. coli strain MC3 produced the highest cumulative hydrogen yield of 175 ± 10 mL H₂/g VS from food waste. This study confirms the dual function of E. coli strain MC3 for conversion of lignin into vanillin and biomass into biohydrogen, suggesting the excluding energy-intensive pretreatments, substantial potential for sustainable biorefineries.