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<p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant research interest as promising innovative platforms for designing heterojunction photocatalysts. Herein, we report the rational design and preparation of an AgI@Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub> heterojunction composite via a simple and facile in-situ route to degrade organic dyes (RhB). The AgI@Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub> structural, surface, and optical characteristics were thoroughly examined by means of XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis DRS, VB-XPS, N<sub>2</sub> physisorption, TG, XPS, PL, transient photocurrent, and EIS techniques. The experimental results confirmed that AgI particles were dispersed on the surface of flower-like Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub>, and the introduction of AgI significantly boosts the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites. Under the operating parameters (catalyst dosage of 0.5&#xa0;g/L, RhB concentration of 30&#xa0;mg/L, volume of 40 mL, and illumination time of 60&#xa0;min), the 30-AgI@Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub> with the AgI loading of 30% exhibited the highest degradation efficiency in RhB, reaching 94.7%, with a photocatalytic rate constant of 0.039&#xa0;min<sup>− 1</sup>, which was 3.22 times and 26.0 times that of pure AgI and Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The enhanced activity can be originated from the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between AgI and Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub> with intimate interfacial contact and the synergistic effects among the components, thereby providing a mesoporous structure and larger relative surface area (27.9 m<sup>2</sup>/g), improving utilization of visible light, more charge transfer channels, and lower electron-hole pair recombination rates. More crucially, it retained 78.1% degradation efficiency after five cycles, confirming excellent stability. Furthermore, trapping analyses suggest that <i>e</i><sup>−</sup>, •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, and <i>h</i><sup>+</sup> radicals dominate the degradation reaction pathway, and then a possible mechanism of 30-AgI@Sn-BDC-NH<sub>2</sub> Z-scheme heterojunction was proposed. Overall, this research work highlights the potential of using Sn-MOF-based heterojunction composites as practical photocatalysts for sustainable dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes from wastewater using AgI@Sn-BDC-NH2 heterojunction nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Qiuyun Zhang,
  • Huixin Zou,
  • Siyu Hu,
  • Shijian He,
  • Maozhen He,
  • Xiaojuan Zhang,
  • Jialu Wang,
  • Yutao Zhang

摘要

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant research interest as promising innovative platforms for designing heterojunction photocatalysts. Herein, we report the rational design and preparation of an AgI@Sn-BDC-NH2 heterojunction composite via a simple and facile in-situ route to degrade organic dyes (RhB). The AgI@Sn-BDC-NH2 structural, surface, and optical characteristics were thoroughly examined by means of XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis DRS, VB-XPS, N2 physisorption, TG, XPS, PL, transient photocurrent, and EIS techniques. The experimental results confirmed that AgI particles were dispersed on the surface of flower-like Sn-BDC-NH2, and the introduction of AgI significantly boosts the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites. Under the operating parameters (catalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L, RhB concentration of 30 mg/L, volume of 40 mL, and illumination time of 60 min), the 30-AgI@Sn-BDC-NH2 with the AgI loading of 30% exhibited the highest degradation efficiency in RhB, reaching 94.7%, with a photocatalytic rate constant of 0.039 min− 1, which was 3.22 times and 26.0 times that of pure AgI and Sn-BDC-NH2, respectively. The enhanced activity can be originated from the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between AgI and Sn-BDC-NH2 with intimate interfacial contact and the synergistic effects among the components, thereby providing a mesoporous structure and larger relative surface area (27.9 m2/g), improving utilization of visible light, more charge transfer channels, and lower electron-hole pair recombination rates. More crucially, it retained 78.1% degradation efficiency after five cycles, confirming excellent stability. Furthermore, trapping analyses suggest that e−, •O2−, and h+ radicals dominate the degradation reaction pathway, and then a possible mechanism of 30-AgI@Sn-BDC-NH2 Z-scheme heterojunction was proposed. Overall, this research work highlights the potential of using Sn-MOF-based heterojunction composites as practical photocatalysts for sustainable dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Graphical Abstract