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Background <p>Expectations are considered an important mechanism of change in psychotherapeutic interventions, including internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI). This study aims to investigate whether two expectation-focused microinterventions can enhance the effects of an IMI for participants with elevated depression.</p> Methods <p>All participants will receive an established IMI consisting of six evidence-based cognitive behavioral modules. In this 2×3 factorial design, 720 adult participants will be randomized to receive (1) either the IMI in standard or personalized framing (first randomization factor), in combination with (2) an expectation-focused telephone call mid-treatment, a supportive phone call or no phone call (second randomization factor). The primary outcome is depression at mid- and post-treatment (BDI-II). Secondary measures include expectations, adherence, state and trait anxiety and depression, disability, negative effects, and satisfaction with treatment.</p> Discussion <p>This study will increase knowledge about applying micro-interventions to modify expectations and improve the effects of IMI in the treatment of depressive symptoms. Scalable IMI has the potential to improve healthcare but ways to further improve their effects and adherence need to be explored.</p> Trial registration <p>The trial was prospectively registered under DRKS00032982. Registered on July 11, 2023.</p>

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Optimizing expectations in an internet- and mobile-based intervention for depression: study protocol for a randomized factorial trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Carmen Schaeuffele,
  • Manuel Heinrich,
  • Stephanie Haering,
  • Christina Kampisiou,
  • Lara Bellu,
  • Sebastian Burchert,
  • Marie Puetz,
  • Jessica Wabiszczewicz,
  • Marcel Wilhelm,
  • Pavle Zagorscak,
  • Winfried Rief,
  • Christine Knaevelsrud

摘要

Background

Expectations are considered an important mechanism of change in psychotherapeutic interventions, including internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI). This study aims to investigate whether two expectation-focused microinterventions can enhance the effects of an IMI for participants with elevated depression.

Methods

All participants will receive an established IMI consisting of six evidence-based cognitive behavioral modules. In this 2×3 factorial design, 720 adult participants will be randomized to receive (1) either the IMI in standard or personalized framing (first randomization factor), in combination with (2) an expectation-focused telephone call mid-treatment, a supportive phone call or no phone call (second randomization factor). The primary outcome is depression at mid- and post-treatment (BDI-II). Secondary measures include expectations, adherence, state and trait anxiety and depression, disability, negative effects, and satisfaction with treatment.

Discussion

This study will increase knowledge about applying micro-interventions to modify expectations and improve the effects of IMI in the treatment of depressive symptoms. Scalable IMI has the potential to improve healthcare but ways to further improve their effects and adherence need to be explored.

Trial registration

The trial was prospectively registered under DRKS00032982. Registered on July 11, 2023.