Background <p>Behavioral parent training (BPT) interventions are effective for preschoolers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, BPT is rarely implemented in Chinese populations; very few parents receive BPT for improving health outcomes of their children’s ADHD symptoms in hospitals, especially those from disadvantaged families. BPT interventions urgently require assessments for adaption and effectiveness with Chinese caregivers.</p> Methods <p>A sample of 128 parents, each with a child aged 4–6 years diagnosed with ADHD, will be randomly assigned to either receive up to 10 sessions of group-based BPT (gBPT) or support meetings conducted by psychiatrists in a hospital. Assessments will occur at baseline, posttreatment, and 12-week follow-up. The main goal is to determine how gBPT affects the reduction of ADHD symptoms in children. Additionally, the study will also examine the influence of gBPT on parental stress, parental skills, and the overall quality of family life. Qualitative interviews with a semi-structured format will evaluate the advantages and challenges of the intervention.</p> Discussion <p>This study will be the first RCT to evaluate the efficacy of modified gBPT among low socioeconomic status families in China. This study will contribute to a greater focus on individual therapy effect and thus improve the understanding of subgroups of ADHD families. Suppose our finding confirms the impact of gBPT on ADHD symptoms, as well as advances the viability and receptiveness of gBPT among families with low SES in Chinese culture. In that case, the results should enhance understanding of gBPT and provide valuable clinical experience regarding the use of gBPT.</p> Trial registration <p>ChiCTR2400082158, Registered 22 March 2024, <a href="https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=210819">https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=210819</a></p>