Background <p>The rate and prevalence of lumbar fusion surgeries are rapidly increasing, and these procedures effectively treat spinal disorders. Biological, psychological, and social factors play important roles in postoperative rehabilitation. Robotic-assisted surgeries reduce postoperative morbidities, and postoperative outcomes can be improved by interventions targeting biopsychosocial factors along with rehabilitation. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effect of biopsychosocial model of rehabilitation on pain in patients after robotic-assisted lumbar fusion surgery.</p> Methods <p>An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial will recruit 136 participants, and randomly allocate the participants into two groups. The intervention group will follow the biopsychosocial rehabilitation model, whereas the control group will be subjected to a routine standard protocol. Assessments will be done at baseline, 2, 4, and 12 weeks post-surgery. The normality of the data will be evaluated using the Shapiro‒Wilk test and analysis of variance with repeated measures or General linear models for intergroup differences. This protocol follows&#xa0;all required ethical guidelines.</p> Discussion <p>This study will address the importance of the biological, psychological and sociological factors of rehabilitation. Analysis of the study results will provide insights into the importance of the&#xa0;biopsychosocial rehabilitation model of rehabilitation in patients after lumbar fusion.</p> Trial registration <p>CTRI, CTRI/2024/12/077598. Registered on 03 December 2024.</p>