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<p>Plant-associated bacteria significantly impact plant growth and health. Understanding how bacterial genomes adapt to plants can provide insights into their growth promotion and virulence functions. Here, we compare 38,912 bacterial genomes and 6073 metagenomes to explore the distribution of mobile genetic elements and defense systems in plant-associated bacteria. We reveal a consistent taxon-independent depletion of prophages, plasmids, and defense systems in plant-associated bacteria, particularly in the phyllosphere, compared to other ecosystems. The mobilome depletion suggests the presence of unique ecological constraints or molecular mechanisms exerted by plants to control the bacterial mobilomes independently of bacterial immunity.</p>

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Plasmids, prophages, and defense systems are depleted from plant microbiota genomes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Avi Bograd,
  • Yaara Oppenheimer-Shaanan,
  • Asaf Levy

摘要

Plant-associated bacteria significantly impact plant growth and health. Understanding how bacterial genomes adapt to plants can provide insights into their growth promotion and virulence functions. Here, we compare 38,912 bacterial genomes and 6073 metagenomes to explore the distribution of mobile genetic elements and defense systems in plant-associated bacteria. We reveal a consistent taxon-independent depletion of prophages, plasmids, and defense systems in plant-associated bacteria, particularly in the phyllosphere, compared to other ecosystems. The mobilome depletion suggests the presence of unique ecological constraints or molecular mechanisms exerted by plants to control the bacterial mobilomes independently of bacterial immunity.