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Purpose <p>Despite substantial improvements in survival after pediatric intensive care, long-term morbidity remains frequent and insufficiently assessed. No standardized, consensus-based core outcome set (COS) tailored to German-speaking regions exists. This study developed a Pediatric Intensive Care Core Outcome (PIC-CO) set to harmonize outcome assessment and follow-up of PICU survivors for clinical practice and research in German-speaking regions.</p> Methods <p>A modified Delphi process was conducted within the Section of Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (SPIE) of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. A multiprofessional expert panel identified outcome domains and questionnaires. Following internal consensus using predefined criteria, candidate questionnaires and short-term outcomes were submitted to an external Delphi survey distributed to SPIE members. Consensus and acceptance thresholds were defined a priori. Final questionnaire selection and recommendations for follow-up time points were agreed on by the expert panel.</p> Results <p>Seventeen experts participated in the internal consensus phase. Of 65 evaluated questionnaires, 1–3 questionnaires per domain and 11 short-term outcomes were submitted to the external survey (46 respondents). All short-term outcomes and at least one questionnaire per domain reached acceptance; the majority achieved consensus. The final PIC-CO set comprises seven questionnaires across six domains and 11 short-term outcomes, alongside a structured follow-up schedule.</p> Conclusions <p>The PIC-CO set provides the first consensus-based, pragmatically implementable COS for pediatric critical care in German-speaking countries, enabling standardized long-term assessment for clinical practice and research. Substantial overlap with international initiatives was observed, with differences mainly related to cognitive assessment and domain structuring. </p>

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Pediatric Intensive Care Core Outcomes–a modified Delphi consensus process (PIC-CO)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Nadine Mand,
  • Victoria Lieftüchter,
  • Jens H. Westhoff,
  • Stefanie Hort,
  • Richard Biedermann,
  • Christine Müller-Brandes,
  • Michael Merker,
  • Hans Fuchs,
  • Francesco Cardona,
  • Angelina Beer,
  • Florian Hoffmann,
  • Frida Regner,
  • Sarah Lampe,
  • Cynthia Pönicke,
  • Christoph Härtel,
  • Christian Brickmann,
  • Nora Bruns

摘要

Purpose

Despite substantial improvements in survival after pediatric intensive care, long-term morbidity remains frequent and insufficiently assessed. No standardized, consensus-based core outcome set (COS) tailored to German-speaking regions exists. This study developed a Pediatric Intensive Care Core Outcome (PIC-CO) set to harmonize outcome assessment and follow-up of PICU survivors for clinical practice and research in German-speaking regions.

Methods

A modified Delphi process was conducted within the Section of Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (SPIE) of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. A multiprofessional expert panel identified outcome domains and questionnaires. Following internal consensus using predefined criteria, candidate questionnaires and short-term outcomes were submitted to an external Delphi survey distributed to SPIE members. Consensus and acceptance thresholds were defined a priori. Final questionnaire selection and recommendations for follow-up time points were agreed on by the expert panel.

Results

Seventeen experts participated in the internal consensus phase. Of 65 evaluated questionnaires, 1–3 questionnaires per domain and 11 short-term outcomes were submitted to the external survey (46 respondents). All short-term outcomes and at least one questionnaire per domain reached acceptance; the majority achieved consensus. The final PIC-CO set comprises seven questionnaires across six domains and 11 short-term outcomes, alongside a structured follow-up schedule.

Conclusions

The PIC-CO set provides the first consensus-based, pragmatically implementable COS for pediatric critical care in German-speaking countries, enabling standardized long-term assessment for clinical practice and research. Substantial overlap with international initiatives was observed, with differences mainly related to cognitive assessment and domain structuring.