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Purpose <p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder linked to metabolic complications. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the association between PCOS and the risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies published between 1990 and 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) diagnosing PCOS by Rotterdam, NIH, or AES criteria were included. Data extraction used a standardized checklist, and study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled relative risks (RR) were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochrane Q and I², and subgroup analyses explored variations.</p> Results <p>From 3,747 articles, 44 studies (54 effect sizes) on DM and six on MetS were included. Women with PCOS had a 72% higher risk of DM (RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.43–2.06), strongest with Rotterdam criteria (RR: 1.86). Risk was highest for gestational DM (RR: 2.05) and in women &gt; 40 years (RR: 1.88). For MetS, PCOS increased risk by 48% (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.90), strongest with NIH criteria (RR: 3.41). Geographic differences showed higher DM risk in Europe (RR: 1.97) and MetS in Asia (RR: 1.99). Heterogeneity was substantial, but no publication bias was detected.</p> Conclusion <p>PCOS significantly elevates risks of DM and MetS, influenced by diagnostic criteria, age, BMI, and geography. Standardized diagnostic approaches and longitudinal studies are essential to refine risk assessment and guide targeted interventions.</p>

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Polycystic ovary syndrome with metabolic syndrome and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Bita Pourahmad,
  • Mostafa Majidnia,
  • Nadia Saniee,
  • Sevda Riyahifar,
  • Yousef Moradi

摘要

Purpose

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder linked to metabolic complications. This study systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the association between PCOS and the risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for studies published between 1990 and 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) diagnosing PCOS by Rotterdam, NIH, or AES criteria were included. Data extraction used a standardized checklist, and study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled relative risks (RR) were calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochrane Q and I², and subgroup analyses explored variations.

Results

From 3,747 articles, 44 studies (54 effect sizes) on DM and six on MetS were included. Women with PCOS had a 72% higher risk of DM (RR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.43–2.06), strongest with Rotterdam criteria (RR: 1.86). Risk was highest for gestational DM (RR: 2.05) and in women > 40 years (RR: 1.88). For MetS, PCOS increased risk by 48% (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.15–1.90), strongest with NIH criteria (RR: 3.41). Geographic differences showed higher DM risk in Europe (RR: 1.97) and MetS in Asia (RR: 1.99). Heterogeneity was substantial, but no publication bias was detected.

Conclusion

PCOS significantly elevates risks of DM and MetS, influenced by diagnostic criteria, age, BMI, and geography. Standardized diagnostic approaches and longitudinal studies are essential to refine risk assessment and guide targeted interventions.