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Background <p>To investigate multidimensional impulsivity and its neuroelectrophysiological correlates in adolescents with depression and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).</p> Methods <p>A case–control study was conducted including three groups: depressed adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI group), depressed adolescents without NSSI (non-NSSI group), and healthy controls (HCs group). The Ottawa Self-Injury Questionnaire was administered to assess NSSI behaviors in depressed participants and to quantify NSSI severity within the NSSI group. Impulsivity was evaluated using a multimodal approach, including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), a go/no-go task, and event-related potentials (ERPs), with particular focus on the N2 and P3 components.</p> Results <p>Both depressed groups exhibited significantly higher BIS-11 total and subscale scores than HCs, particularly in motor impulsivity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A significant overall group difference was observed in go trials accuracy among the three groups (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction showed that the NSSI group had significantly lower go-trial accuracy than the HCs group (<i>p</i>_Bonf &lt; 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between the NSSI and non-NSSI groups (<i>p</i>_Bonf &gt; 0.05) or between the non-NSSI and HCs groups (<i>p</i>_Bonf &gt; 0.05). No significant group differences were found in N2 or P3 latency or amplitude across the three groups (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed that NSSI severity over the past 1, 6, and 12&#xa0;months was positively correlated with BIS-11 total and motor impulsivity scores (r = 0.198–0.417, all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and negatively correlated with go-task accuracy (r =  − 0.248 to − 0.193, all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Depressed adolescents with NSSI exhibited elevated self-reported impulsivity and impaired behavioral inhibitory control, both of which were associated with NSSI severity, whereas no significant neurophysiological differences were observed between depressed adolescents with NSSI and HCs.</p>

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Impulsivity in adolescents with MDD and non-suicidal self-injury: a multimodal assessment using psychometric, behavioral, and neurophysiological measures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Yuqiong He,
  • Tingyu Yang,
  • Kun Zhang,
  • Shuxian Wu,
  • Chunxiang Huang,
  • Xueping Gao,
  • Xuerong Luo,
  • Yaru Zhang,
  • Xilong Cui

摘要

Background

To investigate multidimensional impulsivity and its neuroelectrophysiological correlates in adolescents with depression and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Methods

A case–control study was conducted including three groups: depressed adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI group), depressed adolescents without NSSI (non-NSSI group), and healthy controls (HCs group). The Ottawa Self-Injury Questionnaire was administered to assess NSSI behaviors in depressed participants and to quantify NSSI severity within the NSSI group. Impulsivity was evaluated using a multimodal approach, including the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), a go/no-go task, and event-related potentials (ERPs), with particular focus on the N2 and P3 components.

Results

Both depressed groups exhibited significantly higher BIS-11 total and subscale scores than HCs, particularly in motor impulsivity (p < 0.05). A significant overall group difference was observed in go trials accuracy among the three groups (p = 0.009). Post hoc analyses with Bonferroni correction showed that the NSSI group had significantly lower go-trial accuracy than the HCs group (p_Bonf < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between the NSSI and non-NSSI groups (p_Bonf > 0.05) or between the non-NSSI and HCs groups (p_Bonf > 0.05). No significant group differences were found in N2 or P3 latency or amplitude across the three groups (all p > 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed that NSSI severity over the past 1, 6, and 12 months was positively correlated with BIS-11 total and motor impulsivity scores (r = 0.198–0.417, all p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with go-task accuracy (r =  − 0.248 to − 0.193, all p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Depressed adolescents with NSSI exhibited elevated self-reported impulsivity and impaired behavioral inhibitory control, both of which were associated with NSSI severity, whereas no significant neurophysiological differences were observed between depressed adolescents with NSSI and HCs.