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Introduction <p>Oral microbiome differences by race/ethnicity may contribute to differences in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the precursor to HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Oral HPV is most prevalent among non-Hispanic Black individuals, yet HPV-attributable cancers are more common in non-Hispanic White individuals.</p> Methods <p>Using the 2009–2012 NHANES data (<i>n</i> = 5,534), our study examined oral microbiome diversity, community-, and taxon-level differences by any oral HPV type and race/ethnicity using oral rinse samples.</p> Results <p>Significantly greater alpha diversity was seen among HPV-positive Non-Hispanic Black individuals [Shannon/Inverse Simpson’s Indices (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001)]. Beta diversity also varied significantly by race/ethnicity and oral HPV status (PERMANOVA, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Microbiome topic modeling identified two microbial communities (topics 13 and 36) depleted in HPV-positive individuals, characterized by reduced <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Actinobacillus</i>, and <i>Neisseria</i> (Beta &gt; 0.4), but this pattern was seen only among Non-Hispanic Black individuals. Taxon-level differential abundance analysis identified <i>Sneathia</i> and <i>Odoribacter</i> as enriched in HPV-positive participants (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest a race/ethnicity-linked interplay between oral rinse microbiome samples and oral HPV. Microbial differences by race/ethnicity and oral HPV status may reflect underlying social, environmental, or behavioral factors and highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify causal pathways and inform future targeted interventions.</p>

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Oral microbiome diversity, community- and taxon-level differences by oral human papillomavirus (HPV) and race/ethnicity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Morgan C. Byrd,
  • Shelly Han,
  • Oyomoare Osazuwa-Peters,
  • Deesha Bhaumik,
  • Darien Weatherspoon,
  • Nicolas F. Schlecht,
  • Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters

摘要

Introduction

Oral microbiome differences by race/ethnicity may contribute to differences in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the precursor to HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Oral HPV is most prevalent among non-Hispanic Black individuals, yet HPV-attributable cancers are more common in non-Hispanic White individuals.

Methods

Using the 2009–2012 NHANES data (n = 5,534), our study examined oral microbiome diversity, community-, and taxon-level differences by any oral HPV type and race/ethnicity using oral rinse samples.

Results

Significantly greater alpha diversity was seen among HPV-positive Non-Hispanic Black individuals [Shannon/Inverse Simpson’s Indices (p < 0.001)]. Beta diversity also varied significantly by race/ethnicity and oral HPV status (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001). Microbiome topic modeling identified two microbial communities (topics 13 and 36) depleted in HPV-positive individuals, characterized by reduced Streptococcus, Actinobacillus, and Neisseria (Beta > 0.4), but this pattern was seen only among Non-Hispanic Black individuals. Taxon-level differential abundance analysis identified Sneathia and Odoribacter as enriched in HPV-positive participants (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a race/ethnicity-linked interplay between oral rinse microbiome samples and oral HPV. Microbial differences by race/ethnicity and oral HPV status may reflect underlying social, environmental, or behavioral factors and highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify causal pathways and inform future targeted interventions.