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<p><i>Panax</i> <i>ginseng</i> (<i>Panax</i> <i>ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) is a classic herbal medicine widely utilized in dermatological management, yet its precise therapeutic mechanisms have only recently begun to be fully elucidated. This review systematically synthesizes the pharmacological roles of ginseng’s active components, including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and gintonin, in maintaining skin homeostasis and treating various cutaneous pathologies. Emerging evidence suggests that the efficacy of ginseng extends beyond direct molecular interactions, exhibiting the distinct characteristics of "indirect pharmacology." Specifically, parent ginsenosides function primarily as natural prodrugs that require microbial biotransformation into high-affinity active metabolites, such as Compound K and Rh2, to exert potent therapeutic effects. Functionally, these components regulate skin health by mobilizing endogenous host defense systems, particularly through the activation of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway and the suppression of inflammatory cascades via the NF-κB, MAPK, and IL-1 signaling networks. Furthermore, they remodel the systemic microenvironment through the gut-skin axis, facilitating metabolic homeostasis to improve skin barrier function. Notably, biotransformation rates and ultimate therapeutic efficacy are highly dependent on individualized variables, such as host age, dietary patterns, and baseline disease states. This systemic regulation has demonstrated robust efficacy in intervening in complex pathologies, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin cancer. Additionally, this article addresses the translational bottleneck of low bioavailability and evaluates recent advances in novel skin delivery systems, specifically those utilizing ginseng-derived exosomes. Collectively, this review provides a scientific framework for understanding the systemic actions of ginseng, supporting its development as a precision botanical therapy for dermatological applications.</p>

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Research progress on the mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its active components in maintaining skin homeostasis and disease intervention

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Lu Ding,
  • Zihan Wang,
  • Nanqi Hou,
  • Yuchi Zhou,
  • Hongyu Qi,
  • Zirui Li,
  • Xueyan Li,
  • Jiaojiao Xue,
  • Siyu Song,
  • Zeyu Wang,
  • Daqing Zhao,
  • Rui Jiang,
  • Xiangyan Li

摘要

Panax ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a classic herbal medicine widely utilized in dermatological management, yet its precise therapeutic mechanisms have only recently begun to be fully elucidated. This review systematically synthesizes the pharmacological roles of ginseng’s active components, including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, and gintonin, in maintaining skin homeostasis and treating various cutaneous pathologies. Emerging evidence suggests that the efficacy of ginseng extends beyond direct molecular interactions, exhibiting the distinct characteristics of "indirect pharmacology." Specifically, parent ginsenosides function primarily as natural prodrugs that require microbial biotransformation into high-affinity active metabolites, such as Compound K and Rh2, to exert potent therapeutic effects. Functionally, these components regulate skin health by mobilizing endogenous host defense systems, particularly through the activation of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway and the suppression of inflammatory cascades via the NF-κB, MAPK, and IL-1 signaling networks. Furthermore, they remodel the systemic microenvironment through the gut-skin axis, facilitating metabolic homeostasis to improve skin barrier function. Notably, biotransformation rates and ultimate therapeutic efficacy are highly dependent on individualized variables, such as host age, dietary patterns, and baseline disease states. This systemic regulation has demonstrated robust efficacy in intervening in complex pathologies, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin cancer. Additionally, this article addresses the translational bottleneck of low bioavailability and evaluates recent advances in novel skin delivery systems, specifically those utilizing ginseng-derived exosomes. Collectively, this review provides a scientific framework for understanding the systemic actions of ginseng, supporting its development as a precision botanical therapy for dermatological applications.