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<p>With significant advancements in cancer treatment, the population of cancer survivors has grown substantially, bringing long-term health challenges to the forefront of clinical concern. Among these, cancer treatment-related musculoskeletal sequelae critically impact survivors’ quality of life, functional independence, and overall survival. Musculoskeletal health deterioration—including bone density loss, sarcopenia, myosteatosis, osteonecrosis, and muscle damage—represents a complex clinical issue that requires precise evaluation and monitoring. Imaging technologies have emerged as essential non-invasive tools for identifying, quantifying, and tracking these late effects. This review systematically examines the current landscape of imaging biomarkers used to assess musculoskeletal health in cancer survivors, emphasizing their associations with common cancer therapies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted and immunotherapies. We explore the application and recent advances of various imaging modalities—including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and ultrasound imaging—in detecting and characterizing treatment-induced musculoskeletal alterations. Moreover, the review highlights the translational potential of these imaging biomarkers in clinical practice, aiming to enhance early detection, guide personalized interventions, and improve long-term outcomes for cancer survivors. By consolidating current evidence and identifying existing gaps, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of imaging biomarkers in addressing the critical issue of musculoskeletal health in the growing population of cancer survivors.</p>

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Tumor survivors’ musculoskeletal health assessment: advances in imaging biomarkers for cancer treatment-related sequelae

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Jingxin He,
  • Huichun Xiang,
  • Shufen Xiao,
  • Xingshun Zhou

摘要

With significant advancements in cancer treatment, the population of cancer survivors has grown substantially, bringing long-term health challenges to the forefront of clinical concern. Among these, cancer treatment-related musculoskeletal sequelae critically impact survivors’ quality of life, functional independence, and overall survival. Musculoskeletal health deterioration—including bone density loss, sarcopenia, myosteatosis, osteonecrosis, and muscle damage—represents a complex clinical issue that requires precise evaluation and monitoring. Imaging technologies have emerged as essential non-invasive tools for identifying, quantifying, and tracking these late effects. This review systematically examines the current landscape of imaging biomarkers used to assess musculoskeletal health in cancer survivors, emphasizing their associations with common cancer therapies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted and immunotherapies. We explore the application and recent advances of various imaging modalities—including dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and ultrasound imaging—in detecting and characterizing treatment-induced musculoskeletal alterations. Moreover, the review highlights the translational potential of these imaging biomarkers in clinical practice, aiming to enhance early detection, guide personalized interventions, and improve long-term outcomes for cancer survivors. By consolidating current evidence and identifying existing gaps, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of imaging biomarkers in addressing the critical issue of musculoskeletal health in the growing population of cancer survivors.