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Background <p>Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common cause of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, biomarker data directly comparing DDH hip OA with primary hip OA in a post-arthroplasty setting are limited. The objective of this study is to compare serum concentrations of nine analytes related to bone metabolism, Wnt signaling, and inflammation between DDH OA and primary OA in subjects 6–12&#xa0;months after arthroplasty.</p> Methods <p>This prospective observational study was conducted from June to December 2025. Patients were classified using the Slovak Arthroplasty Register, clinical examination, patient history, and radiographic findings. Fasting morning serum was analyzed on Luminex MAGPIX for adrenocorticotropic hormone, Dickkopf-1, leptin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, osteopontin, sclerostin, interleukin-1β, and parathyroid hormone. Groups were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests. Age, sex, and BMI-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess independent predictors.</p> Results <p>The study comprised 69 subjects, 36 in the DDH group and 33 in the primary OA group. The primary OA group was significantly older and had higher BMI (<i>p</i> = 0.0002 and <i>p</i> = 0.0033, respectively). Among the nine analytes assessed, OPG (<i>p</i> = 0.0004) and leptin (<i>p</i> = 0.0007) were significantly higher in the primary OA group and remained significant after Bonferroni correction across nine analytes. Both OPG and leptin remained significantly associated with primary OA after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Within-group analysis showed that leptin correlated with BMI in the DDH group (ρ = 0.521, <i>p</i> = 0.0013) but not in the primary OA group (ρ = 0.008, <i>p</i> = 0.9641).</p> Conclusions <p>In this arthroplasty cohort, patients with primary hip OA showed higher serum OPG and leptin levels than those with DDH OA. These two analytes remained the most robust findings after correction for multiple testing and after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI.</p>

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Analysis of serum biomarker profiles in DDH Hip osteoarthritis versus primary hip osteoarthritis: a prospective observational study in a recent arthroplasty cohort

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Stefan Harsanyi,
  • Kristina Schmiedlova,
  • Lubica Milosovicova,
  • Sona Bernatova,
  • Kristina Harsanyiova,
  • Lubos Danisovic,
  • Boris Steno

摘要

Background

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common cause of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA). Yet, biomarker data directly comparing DDH hip OA with primary hip OA in a post-arthroplasty setting are limited. The objective of this study is to compare serum concentrations of nine analytes related to bone metabolism, Wnt signaling, and inflammation between DDH OA and primary OA in subjects 6–12 months after arthroplasty.

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted from June to December 2025. Patients were classified using the Slovak Arthroplasty Register, clinical examination, patient history, and radiographic findings. Fasting morning serum was analyzed on Luminex MAGPIX for adrenocorticotropic hormone, Dickkopf-1, leptin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, osteopontin, sclerostin, interleukin-1β, and parathyroid hormone. Groups were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests. Age, sex, and BMI-adjusted linear regression models were used to assess independent predictors.

Results

The study comprised 69 subjects, 36 in the DDH group and 33 in the primary OA group. The primary OA group was significantly older and had higher BMI (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0033, respectively). Among the nine analytes assessed, OPG (p = 0.0004) and leptin (p = 0.0007) were significantly higher in the primary OA group and remained significant after Bonferroni correction across nine analytes. Both OPG and leptin remained significantly associated with primary OA after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Within-group analysis showed that leptin correlated with BMI in the DDH group (ρ = 0.521, p = 0.0013) but not in the primary OA group (ρ = 0.008, p = 0.9641).

Conclusions

In this arthroplasty cohort, patients with primary hip OA showed higher serum OPG and leptin levels than those with DDH OA. These two analytes remained the most robust findings after correction for multiple testing and after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI.