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Background <p>Patellar tendinopathy symptoms and functional limitations should be evaluated using validated, language-specific assessment tools. Cultural adaptation of these tools can improve their psychometric properties across languages. The VISA-P questionnaire is the only condition-specific tool for measuring symptom severity, but a validated Persian version is not available.</p> Purpose <p>To translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the VISA-P questionnaire for use among Persian-speaking athletes.</p> Study design <p>Case–control observational study with a test–retest subgroup; Level of evidence, 3.</p> Methods <p>The VISA-P was translated into Persian following international guidelines: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert review, pretesting, and validation. Sixty Persian-speaking athletes (30 with patellar tendinopathy, 30 healthy controls) participated in this cross-sectional study. Psychometric evaluation followed COSMIN standards assessing structural validity (exploratory factor analysis), construct validity (Spearman correlation with the Blazina classification), known-groups validity (comparison between symptomatic and healthy athletes using the Mann–Whitney U test<i>)</i>), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and test–retest reliability (ICC over 24–48 h). Face validity, feasibility, and interpretability were also assessed.</p> Results <p>The VISA-P-Pr demonstrated good face and content validity. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure explaining 87.1% of variance with strong item loadings. Construct validity was supported by a strong negative correlation with the Blazina classification (r<sub>s</sub> = –0.75, p &lt; .001), and known-groups validity showed significantly lower scores in athletes with patellar tendinopathy compared to healthy controls (median 65.0 vs 98.5, p &lt; .001). Test–retest reliability was excellent in the tendinopathy group (ICC = 0.91) with good internal consistency across both assessments (Cronbach’s α = 0.88 and 0.89).</p> Conclusion <p>The VISA-P-Pr is a reliable and valid instrument with psychometric properties comparable to the original VISA-P, suitable for clinical and research use among Persian-speaking athletes.</p>

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Reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) Questionnaire

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Aynollah Naderi,
  • Hossein Shahrokhi,
  • Hossein ChoromZadeh,
  • Ebrahim Ebrahimi

摘要

Background

Patellar tendinopathy symptoms and functional limitations should be evaluated using validated, language-specific assessment tools. Cultural adaptation of these tools can improve their psychometric properties across languages. The VISA-P questionnaire is the only condition-specific tool for measuring symptom severity, but a validated Persian version is not available.

Purpose

To translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the VISA-P questionnaire for use among Persian-speaking athletes.

Study design

Case–control observational study with a test–retest subgroup; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods

The VISA-P was translated into Persian following international guidelines: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert review, pretesting, and validation. Sixty Persian-speaking athletes (30 with patellar tendinopathy, 30 healthy controls) participated in this cross-sectional study. Psychometric evaluation followed COSMIN standards assessing structural validity (exploratory factor analysis), construct validity (Spearman correlation with the Blazina classification), known-groups validity (comparison between symptomatic and healthy athletes using the Mann–Whitney U test)), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and test–retest reliability (ICC over 24–48 h). Face validity, feasibility, and interpretability were also assessed.

Results

The VISA-P-Pr demonstrated good face and content validity. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure explaining 87.1% of variance with strong item loadings. Construct validity was supported by a strong negative correlation with the Blazina classification (rs = –0.75, p < .001), and known-groups validity showed significantly lower scores in athletes with patellar tendinopathy compared to healthy controls (median 65.0 vs 98.5, p < .001). Test–retest reliability was excellent in the tendinopathy group (ICC = 0.91) with good internal consistency across both assessments (Cronbach’s α = 0.88 and 0.89).

Conclusion

The VISA-P-Pr is a reliable and valid instrument with psychometric properties comparable to the original VISA-P, suitable for clinical and research use among Persian-speaking athletes.