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Objective <p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of visually dominant cyctic lesions on dental students’ visual search behavior and the occurrence of the satisfaction of search (SOS) phenomenon during panoramic radiograph interpretation using eye-tracking technology.</p> Materials and methods <p>A within-subject eye-tracking study was conducted with 60 dental students. Participants completed two viewing sessions: panoramic radiographs containing only subtle findings (carious lesions and small apical radiolucencies; S0) and the same radiographs with an added visually dominant cystic lesion (S1). Eye movements were recorded using a Tobii Pro Spark eye tracker. Fixation-based and visit-based metrics were calculated for predefined areas of interest. Paired comparisons between sessions were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p> Results <p>In the presence of a dominant cystic lesion (S1), fixation count and total fixation duration directed toward subtle lesions were significantly reduced, whereas time to first fixation was significantly prolonged (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). For carious lesions, visit count decreased from 2.40 ± 1.40 to 0.95 ± 0.90 (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and total visit duration declined from 0.88 ± 0.55&#xa0;s to 0.31 ± 0.28&#xa0;s (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Similar reductions were observed for apical radiolucencies. Overall viewing duration was shorter in S1 than in S0 (19.07&#xa0;s vs. 37.51&#xa0;s). Heatmap and scan path analyses showed a concentration of visual attention on the dominant lesion, with fewer and shorter visits to subtle findings.</p> Conclusion <p>The presence of visually dominant cyctic lesions was associated with reduced visual attention to subtle findings and shorter overall viewing duration during panoramic radiograph viewing. These findings are consistent with an SOS-like attentional pattern in dental radiology and highlight the importance of systematic scanning strategies in dental education.</p>

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Attention capture and satisfaction of search in dental radiography: an eye-tracking study on the impact of dominant pathologies on visual search behavior among dental students

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Furkan Ozbey,
  • Ozge Ozuturk Tokman,
  • Elif Sadik

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effect of visually dominant cyctic lesions on dental students’ visual search behavior and the occurrence of the satisfaction of search (SOS) phenomenon during panoramic radiograph interpretation using eye-tracking technology.

Materials and methods

A within-subject eye-tracking study was conducted with 60 dental students. Participants completed two viewing sessions: panoramic radiographs containing only subtle findings (carious lesions and small apical radiolucencies; S0) and the same radiographs with an added visually dominant cystic lesion (S1). Eye movements were recorded using a Tobii Pro Spark eye tracker. Fixation-based and visit-based metrics were calculated for predefined areas of interest. Paired comparisons between sessions were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

In the presence of a dominant cystic lesion (S1), fixation count and total fixation duration directed toward subtle lesions were significantly reduced, whereas time to first fixation was significantly prolonged (p < 0.01). For carious lesions, visit count decreased from 2.40 ± 1.40 to 0.95 ± 0.90 (p = 0.001), and total visit duration declined from 0.88 ± 0.55 s to 0.31 ± 0.28 s (p = 0.002). Similar reductions were observed for apical radiolucencies. Overall viewing duration was shorter in S1 than in S0 (19.07 s vs. 37.51 s). Heatmap and scan path analyses showed a concentration of visual attention on the dominant lesion, with fewer and shorter visits to subtle findings.

Conclusion

The presence of visually dominant cyctic lesions was associated with reduced visual attention to subtle findings and shorter overall viewing duration during panoramic radiograph viewing. These findings are consistent with an SOS-like attentional pattern in dental radiology and highlight the importance of systematic scanning strategies in dental education.