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<p>This study used the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) paradigm to investigate how sensory congruency, audiovisual rhythm configurations, and momentary neural states jointly shape perceptual decisions by integrating trial-level EEG and behavioral data within a hierarchical Bayesian regression framework. Thirty healthy adults performed six beep–flash conditions (B0F1, B0F2, B1F1, B1F2, B2F1, and B2F2), encompassing two visual-only baseline conditions, two audiovisually congruent conditions, and two incongruent audiovisual illusion conditions, while response accuracy and reaction time (RT) were recorded together with prestimulus occipital α-band power, auditory and visual N1 amplitudes, and the centro-parietal positivity (CPP) indexing evidence accumulation. We first characterized condition effects and EEG–behavior relationships using repeated-measures ANOVAs and correlations, and then jointly modeled accuracy (Bernoulli likelihood with logit link; effects reported as odds ratios) and RT (Student-t likelihood on logRT; effects interpreted as percentage change in median RT) using trial-level hierarchical Bayesian regression, with model generalizability assessed via Pareto-smoothed importance sampling leave-one-out (PSIS-LOO) cross-validation. Behaviorally, unimodal and congruent conditions yielded faster and more accurate responses, whereas incongruent conditions—particularly the “2 beep–1 flash” configuration—produced elevated illusion rates and markedly prolonged RTs, highlighting the role of causal structure and signal reliability in cross-modal weighting. Neurally, higher trial-level prestimulus α power was reliably associated with reduced odds of a correct response, consistent with lower cortical excitability and a more conservative decision criterion; larger auditory N1 amplitudes predicted faster responses; and CPP slope closely tracked RT in descriptive analyses, consistent with its interpretation as an accumulation-to-bound signal. Model comparisons indicated that experimental conditions accounted for most of the behavioral variance, whereas EEG covariates added limited and non-robust incremental out-of-sample predictive value under the present linear additive specification. Nevertheless, prestimulus α showed a stable negative association with accuracy, and auditory N1 showed a weaker association with response speed, indicating that these neural measures remain theoretically informative even though they did not materially improve overall model generalizability.</p>

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Perceptual decision-making in the sound-induced flash illusion: a trial-level hierarchical Bayesian integration of EEG and behavior

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Haoping Yang,
  • Dong Ding,
  • Haibo Qin,
  • Haofei Miao,
  • Chao Wang,
  • Yue Zang,
  • Lizhong Chi,
  • Bin Wu

摘要

This study used the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) paradigm to investigate how sensory congruency, audiovisual rhythm configurations, and momentary neural states jointly shape perceptual decisions by integrating trial-level EEG and behavioral data within a hierarchical Bayesian regression framework. Thirty healthy adults performed six beep–flash conditions (B0F1, B0F2, B1F1, B1F2, B2F1, and B2F2), encompassing two visual-only baseline conditions, two audiovisually congruent conditions, and two incongruent audiovisual illusion conditions, while response accuracy and reaction time (RT) were recorded together with prestimulus occipital α-band power, auditory and visual N1 amplitudes, and the centro-parietal positivity (CPP) indexing evidence accumulation. We first characterized condition effects and EEG–behavior relationships using repeated-measures ANOVAs and correlations, and then jointly modeled accuracy (Bernoulli likelihood with logit link; effects reported as odds ratios) and RT (Student-t likelihood on logRT; effects interpreted as percentage change in median RT) using trial-level hierarchical Bayesian regression, with model generalizability assessed via Pareto-smoothed importance sampling leave-one-out (PSIS-LOO) cross-validation. Behaviorally, unimodal and congruent conditions yielded faster and more accurate responses, whereas incongruent conditions—particularly the “2 beep–1 flash” configuration—produced elevated illusion rates and markedly prolonged RTs, highlighting the role of causal structure and signal reliability in cross-modal weighting. Neurally, higher trial-level prestimulus α power was reliably associated with reduced odds of a correct response, consistent with lower cortical excitability and a more conservative decision criterion; larger auditory N1 amplitudes predicted faster responses; and CPP slope closely tracked RT in descriptive analyses, consistent with its interpretation as an accumulation-to-bound signal. Model comparisons indicated that experimental conditions accounted for most of the behavioral variance, whereas EEG covariates added limited and non-robust incremental out-of-sample predictive value under the present linear additive specification. Nevertheless, prestimulus α showed a stable negative association with accuracy, and auditory N1 showed a weaker association with response speed, indicating that these neural measures remain theoretically informative even though they did not materially improve overall model generalizability.