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Background <p>Exercise-induced immunosuppression poses significant health risks for adolescent athletes during intensive training. This study investigated whether high-polyphenol dietary intervention could maintain immune homeostasis through immunometabolic reprogramming.</p> Methods <p>Eighty adolescent athletes (aged 15—17) were randomized to receive either high-polyphenol supplementation (1200&#xa0;mg/day: quercetin, EGCG, resveratrol, curcumin) or placebo during a 12-week high-intensity training period. Multi-omics profiling (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics) was performed at baseline, weeks 4, 8, and 12.</p> Results <p>The high-polyphenol group maintained CD4 + /CD8 + ratios above clinical thresholds (1.65 ± 0.29 vs. 1.38 ± 0.42, p &lt; 0.001) at peak training. Regulatory T cells increased 17.2% while Th17 cells remained stable, yielding favorable Treg/Th17 ratios (3.09 ± 0.82 vs. 1.58 ± 0.54, p &lt; 0.001). Multi-omics integration revealed 1,847 differentially expressed genes converging on NF-κB suppression, AMPK-mTOR activation, and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Gut microbiome analysis showed doubled butyrate-producing bacteria and twofold increased short-chain fatty acid production. Salivary IgA declined only 6.5% versus 29.3% in placebo (p &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>High-polyphenol dietary intervention effectively prevents exercise-induced immunosuppression through coordinated immunometabolic reprogramming, establishing a practical strategy for maintaining immune resilience in adolescent athletes.</p>

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Regulatory mechanisms of high-polyphenol dietary intervention on exercise-induced immunosuppression during high-intensity training periods in adolescent athletes: a systems biology analysis based on immune-metabolic pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Qinshan Huang,
  • Lei He,
  • Jiahong Wu,
  • Shun Yue

摘要

Background

Exercise-induced immunosuppression poses significant health risks for adolescent athletes during intensive training. This study investigated whether high-polyphenol dietary intervention could maintain immune homeostasis through immunometabolic reprogramming.

Methods

Eighty adolescent athletes (aged 15—17) were randomized to receive either high-polyphenol supplementation (1200 mg/day: quercetin, EGCG, resveratrol, curcumin) or placebo during a 12-week high-intensity training period. Multi-omics profiling (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics) was performed at baseline, weeks 4, 8, and 12.

Results

The high-polyphenol group maintained CD4 + /CD8 + ratios above clinical thresholds (1.65 ± 0.29 vs. 1.38 ± 0.42, p < 0.001) at peak training. Regulatory T cells increased 17.2% while Th17 cells remained stable, yielding favorable Treg/Th17 ratios (3.09 ± 0.82 vs. 1.58 ± 0.54, p < 0.001). Multi-omics integration revealed 1,847 differentially expressed genes converging on NF-κB suppression, AMPK-mTOR activation, and Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Gut microbiome analysis showed doubled butyrate-producing bacteria and twofold increased short-chain fatty acid production. Salivary IgA declined only 6.5% versus 29.3% in placebo (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

High-polyphenol dietary intervention effectively prevents exercise-induced immunosuppression through coordinated immunometabolic reprogramming, establishing a practical strategy for maintaining immune resilience in adolescent athletes.