<p>Obesity is a major health concern in today’s growing population, significantly raising the risk of disease and death. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity and its related conditions. However, weight recurrence remains a common issue post-surgery. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of Weight recurrence after Bariatric surgery, other than anatomic surgery failure. Weight recurrence may result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, psychological and behavioral influences, neuroendocrine changes, alterations in the gut microbiome, bile acid signaling, and post-surgery hypoglycemia. Prevention and management strategies include lifestyle modifications, mental health support, pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, revision surgery. This study explores the controversial hormonal changes involved in weight recurrence, as well as the roles of gut microbiota, bile acid signaling, and genetic factors. Additionally, the study highlights several preventable factors that are crucial for maintaining long-term weight loss and minimizing weight recurrence after bariatric surgery. By gaining insight into these hormonal changes and other contributing factors, we can implement effective preventive measures and medical treatments to enhance long-term weight loss success and improve patients’ quality of life. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully understand the contributions of bile acid signaling and gut microbiota in the process.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>