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<p>Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic conditions characterized by relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the etiology of IBD remains unclear, it is now well-established that both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors including diet, play essential roles in its pathogenesis. Dietary components can influence gut microbiota composition, immune regulation, and intestinal barrier integrity, thereby modulating disease onset, severity, and relapse. While some nutritional patterns and specific nutrients show therapeutic potential, others may aggravate inflammation. This comprehensive review explores the influence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and dietary regimens such as the Mediterranean diet, low FODMAP, and exclusive enteral nutrition on IBD. Additionally, the review highlights current evidence, clinical relevance, and research gaps in using dietary strategies to prevent and manage IBD effectively.</p>

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The role of dietary factors in the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月21日

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  • Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani,
  • Hanieh Barghchi,
  • Amir Hossein Mansouri,
  • Pegah Rahbarinejd,
  • Amin Mokari-Yamchi,
  • Mehdi Barati,
  • Mohammad Rashidmyvan,
  • Ali Jafazadeh Esfehani,
  • Alireza Mohammadzadeh,
  • Zachry Clyton,
  • Parisa Marabi,
  • Saeedeh Talebi,
  • Naseh Pahlavani

摘要

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic conditions characterized by relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Although the etiology of IBD remains unclear, it is now well-established that both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors including diet, play essential roles in its pathogenesis. Dietary components can influence gut microbiota composition, immune regulation, and intestinal barrier integrity, thereby modulating disease onset, severity, and relapse. While some nutritional patterns and specific nutrients show therapeutic potential, others may aggravate inflammation. This comprehensive review explores the influence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and dietary regimens such as the Mediterranean diet, low FODMAP, and exclusive enteral nutrition on IBD. Additionally, the review highlights current evidence, clinical relevance, and research gaps in using dietary strategies to prevent and manage IBD effectively.