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Background <p>To evaluate the association between the global diet quality score (GDQS) in children and adolescents and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors in youth.</p> Methods <p>In this secondary analysis, 1144 children and adolescents aged 6–19 years were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and followed. Dietary data were gathered by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was computed using the GDQS. MetS was defined according to Cook ’s criteria for participants aged &lt; 19 years and the Iranian-modified National Cholesterol Education Program was used to define MetS for participants aged ≥ 19 years at baseline and follow-up years.</p> Results <p>The mean ± SD ages of 528 boys and 616 girls were 13.0 ± 3.76 and 14.0 ± 3.77, respectively. The incident cases of MetS included 108 and 51 person/years for males and females, respectively, with a median follow-up of 9.74 years. The MetS incidence was contrarily associated with quartiles of GDQS [HR: 1, 0.92 (0.77–1.09), 0.90(0.75–1.08), 0.77(0.63–0.95), P trend = 0.02]. There were inverse associations between GDQS and abdominal obesity [HR: 1, 0.86(0.70–1.04), 0.82(0.67–1.01), 0.75(0.60–0.94) P trend = 0.01], low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HR: 1, 0.85(0.70–1.02), 0.82(0.67–0.99), 0.74(0.60–0.92) P trend = 0.009], high blood pressure [HR: 1, 0.97(0.82–1.15), 0.99(0.82–1.18), 0.78(0.64–0.95) P trend = 0.02] incidence in the adjusted model. Individuals in the fourth quartile of GDQS have about 35% lower risk of high fasting blood glucose and high triglyceride incidence, compared to the first quartile.</p> Conclusion <p>Higher compliance with the GDQS in children and adolescents was associated with a reduced risk of MetS and its risk factors incidence in later years of life.</p>

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The global diet quality score in children and adolescents and incidence of metabolic syndrome in later years of life: Tehran lipid and glucose study

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani,
  • Glareh Koochakpoor,
  • Mitra Hasheminia,
  • Maryam Rafiei,
  • Parvin Mirmiran,
  • Fereidoun Azizi

摘要

Background

To evaluate the association between the global diet quality score (GDQS) in children and adolescents and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its risk factors in youth.

Methods

In this secondary analysis, 1144 children and adolescents aged 6–19 years were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and followed. Dietary data were gathered by a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was computed using the GDQS. MetS was defined according to Cook ’s criteria for participants aged < 19 years and the Iranian-modified National Cholesterol Education Program was used to define MetS for participants aged ≥ 19 years at baseline and follow-up years.

Results

The mean ± SD ages of 528 boys and 616 girls were 13.0 ± 3.76 and 14.0 ± 3.77, respectively. The incident cases of MetS included 108 and 51 person/years for males and females, respectively, with a median follow-up of 9.74 years. The MetS incidence was contrarily associated with quartiles of GDQS [HR: 1, 0.92 (0.77–1.09), 0.90(0.75–1.08), 0.77(0.63–0.95), P trend = 0.02]. There were inverse associations between GDQS and abdominal obesity [HR: 1, 0.86(0.70–1.04), 0.82(0.67–1.01), 0.75(0.60–0.94) P trend = 0.01], low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HR: 1, 0.85(0.70–1.02), 0.82(0.67–0.99), 0.74(0.60–0.92) P trend = 0.009], high blood pressure [HR: 1, 0.97(0.82–1.15), 0.99(0.82–1.18), 0.78(0.64–0.95) P trend = 0.02] incidence in the adjusted model. Individuals in the fourth quartile of GDQS have about 35% lower risk of high fasting blood glucose and high triglyceride incidence, compared to the first quartile.

Conclusion

Higher compliance with the GDQS in children and adolescents was associated with a reduced risk of MetS and its risk factors incidence in later years of life.