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Background <p>Promoting healthy diets with low environmental impact is pivotal. The EAT-IT diet aligns with the EAT-Lancet Commission, tailored to Italian food habits. However, a comparison with weight loss diets has not been done. This cross-sectional study compares EAT-IT with historical diets of an urban nutritional care facility.</p> Objective <p>To compare conventional hypocaloric and balanced weight-loss diets with the sustainable EAT-IT diet, investigating their alignment, the influence of BMI and sex on EAT-IT adherence, to optimize the EAT-IT diet for weight management.</p> Methods <p>4032 patients (72% female, median age 49y, BMI 29&#xa0;kg/m2) received hypocaloric diets based on Mediterranean principles (51% carbohydrates, 31% lipids, 0.9&#xa0;g/kg body weight protein, 17&#xa0;g/1000&#xa0;kcal fiber), following Italian dietary guidelines.</p> Results <p>Linear regression revealed lower EAT-IT alignment in males (-2.6%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and a small BMI effect on food group adherence (0.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Only 44% of prescribed food groups were in line to EAT-IT. Protein sources (fish 13%, red meat 13%) were generally higher than EAT-IT, except for legumes (26%) and nuts (10%) prescribed in lower quantities and frequencies, as well as vegetable oil (12%) and fresh fruits (11%). Complex carbohydrates-rich foods (13% bread, 12% pasta/cereals) and vegetables (21%) were prescribed in higher quantities in hypocaloric diets, being more aligned with the EAT-IT pattern.</p> Conclusions <p>Protein sources, being less sustainable, pose challenges in hypocaloric diets. Differences in consumption of vegetable foods were found according to sex and BMI, highlighting the struggle to meet EAT-IT sustainability criteria. Reconciliation between sustainable and hypocaloric dietary interventions is crucial.</p>

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How sustainable are hypocaloric and balanced diets for weight loss?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Ramona De Amicis,
  • Andrea Foppiani,
  • Alessandro Leone,
  • Federica Sileo,
  • Francesca Menichetti,
  • Sara Paola Mambrini,
  • Marta Pellizzari,
  • Massimiliano Tucci,
  • Daniela Martini,
  • Cristian Del Bo,
  • Patrizia Riso,
  • Simona Bertoli,
  • Alberto Battezzati

摘要

Background

Promoting healthy diets with low environmental impact is pivotal. The EAT-IT diet aligns with the EAT-Lancet Commission, tailored to Italian food habits. However, a comparison with weight loss diets has not been done. This cross-sectional study compares EAT-IT with historical diets of an urban nutritional care facility.

Objective

To compare conventional hypocaloric and balanced weight-loss diets with the sustainable EAT-IT diet, investigating their alignment, the influence of BMI and sex on EAT-IT adherence, to optimize the EAT-IT diet for weight management.

Methods

4032 patients (72% female, median age 49y, BMI 29 kg/m2) received hypocaloric diets based on Mediterranean principles (51% carbohydrates, 31% lipids, 0.9 g/kg body weight protein, 17 g/1000 kcal fiber), following Italian dietary guidelines.

Results

Linear regression revealed lower EAT-IT alignment in males (-2.6%, p < 0.001) and a small BMI effect on food group adherence (0.4%, p = 0.005). Only 44% of prescribed food groups were in line to EAT-IT. Protein sources (fish 13%, red meat 13%) were generally higher than EAT-IT, except for legumes (26%) and nuts (10%) prescribed in lower quantities and frequencies, as well as vegetable oil (12%) and fresh fruits (11%). Complex carbohydrates-rich foods (13% bread, 12% pasta/cereals) and vegetables (21%) were prescribed in higher quantities in hypocaloric diets, being more aligned with the EAT-IT pattern.

Conclusions

Protein sources, being less sustainable, pose challenges in hypocaloric diets. Differences in consumption of vegetable foods were found according to sex and BMI, highlighting the struggle to meet EAT-IT sustainability criteria. Reconciliation between sustainable and hypocaloric dietary interventions is crucial.