Background <p>Sweeteners have been widely added to food and beverages due to their low-calorie and sweetening properties. However, the role of sweeteners in cancer risk has been a subject of extensive debate over the past few decades.</p> Objective <p>We aimed to elucidate the causation between the commonly used natural sweetener erythritol and the risk of lung cancer (LC) using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p> Methods <p>Data on erythritol and its metabolites were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies data. Summary data on LC and its subtypes were obtained from a large-scale genetic study conducted by the Transdisciplinary Research of Cancer in Lung of the International Lung Cancer Consortium and the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. We conducted independent two-sample MR analyses to assess the causation between erythritol and LC and its subtypes.</p> Results <p>The inverse variance weighted method of MR analysis showed no evidence supporting causation between erythritol and LC or its histological subtypes. Sensitivity analysis further supported the results.</p> Conclusion <p>Our study findings do not support genetic association between erythritol and LC or its subtypes.</p>