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Background <p>Falls represent a major health concern in older adults, underscoring the need for interventions that enhance postural control. This study investigated whether applying blood flow restriction (BFR) during short-term arm ergometry training improves posture–cognition dual-task performance and adaptive changes in cortical–postural coupling.</p> Methods <p>Twenty-six older adults (12 males, 14 females; 69.1 ± 3.0 years) completed a single 21-minute session of arm ergometry with gender-specific workloads, either combined with BFR at 80% systolic pressure or without restriction (control). Dual-task performance, balance dynamics, and cortico-postural phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) were assessed during concurrent light-pod tapping and stance on an unstable foam surface.</p> Results <p>Compared with controls, the BFR condition resulted in greater reductions in center of pressure (COP) area (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and velocity (<i>p</i> = 0.003), indicating improved postural control. Stabilogram diffusion analysis further revealed reductions in critical displacement (CD, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and short-term diffusion coefficient (Ds, <i>p</i> = 0.002), suggesting decreased sway variability and enhanced postural regulation. Phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) analysis showed a significant between-condition difference in the theta band at the frontal region of interest, with greater negative modulation under BFR compared with NBFR (<i>p</i> = 0.016). In contrast, no significant between-condition differences were observed in the alpha or beta PAC (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). These findings indicated frequency-specific modulation of cortico–postural coupling associated with upper-limb BFR training.</p> Conclusion <p>Arm ergometry combined with BFR is associated with improved dual-task postural performance in older adults. These changes were accompanied by frequency-specific modulation of cortico–postural coupling, evident in the theta band at frontal regions. These findings suggest that upper-limb BFR training may represent a feasible and accessible intervention for improving balance under dual-task conditions in aging populations.</p>

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Acute effects of upper-limb blood flow restriction training on dual-task postural control and physiological correlates in older adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月8日

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  • Yi-Ching Chen,
  • Yu-Chen Sun,
  • Yi-Ying Tsai,
  • Chen-Guang Zhao,
  • Ing-Shiou Hwang

摘要

Background

Falls represent a major health concern in older adults, underscoring the need for interventions that enhance postural control. This study investigated whether applying blood flow restriction (BFR) during short-term arm ergometry training improves posture–cognition dual-task performance and adaptive changes in cortical–postural coupling.

Methods

Twenty-six older adults (12 males, 14 females; 69.1 ± 3.0 years) completed a single 21-minute session of arm ergometry with gender-specific workloads, either combined with BFR at 80% systolic pressure or without restriction (control). Dual-task performance, balance dynamics, and cortico-postural phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) were assessed during concurrent light-pod tapping and stance on an unstable foam surface.

Results

Compared with controls, the BFR condition resulted in greater reductions in center of pressure (COP) area (p = 0.002) and velocity (p = 0.003), indicating improved postural control. Stabilogram diffusion analysis further revealed reductions in critical displacement (CD, p < 0.001) and short-term diffusion coefficient (Ds, p = 0.002), suggesting decreased sway variability and enhanced postural regulation. Phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) analysis showed a significant between-condition difference in the theta band at the frontal region of interest, with greater negative modulation under BFR compared with NBFR (p = 0.016). In contrast, no significant between-condition differences were observed in the alpha or beta PAC (p > 0.05). These findings indicated frequency-specific modulation of cortico–postural coupling associated with upper-limb BFR training.

Conclusion

Arm ergometry combined with BFR is associated with improved dual-task postural performance in older adults. These changes were accompanied by frequency-specific modulation of cortico–postural coupling, evident in the theta band at frontal regions. These findings suggest that upper-limb BFR training may represent a feasible and accessible intervention for improving balance under dual-task conditions in aging populations.