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Background <p>Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden, with increasing rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, prevalence surpasses the national average in certain rural areas like Gakenke District, especially among older adults. However, data specific to adults aged 50 years and older is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated factors among adults aged 50 years and older in Gakenke District.</p> Methods <p>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 adults aged 50 years and older in Gakenke District. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected from July to August 2025 using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS survey. Blood pressure was measured following standard guidelines. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension, with <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 considered significant.</p> Results <p>The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% (95% CI 25.8–35.1). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds of hypertension were progressively higher with each age category compared to the 50–59 age group: 60–69 years (aOR = 1.841, 95% CI 1.023–3.724, <i>p</i> = 0.007), 70–79 years (aOR = 2.095, 95% CI 1.032–5.279, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and 80 years or older (aOR = 3.120, 95% CI 1.088–6.864, <i>p</i> = 0.027). Self-employment was associated with lower odds of hypertension (aOR = 0.297, 95% CI 0.095–0.923, <i>p</i> = 0.036). Adding extra table salt to meals was associated with over fifteen times the odds of hypertension (aOR = 15.944, 95% CI 6.459–39.359, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while not eating vegetables was associated with twice the odds of hypertension (aOR = 2.056, 95% CI 1.151–3.672, <i>p</i> = 0.011).</p> Conclusion <p>The prevalence of hypertension among adults aged ≥ 50 years in Gakenke District was 30.5% (95% CI 25.8–35.1). This estimate is higher than the national prevalence reported for adults aged 15–64 years (16.8%) and the district-level estimate for all adults (18.9%). Advanced age, retirement (compared with self‑employment), adding extra salt to meals, and not eating vegetables were significantly associated with hypertension in this population.</p>

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Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults aged 50 years and older in Gakenke District of Rwanda: a community based cross sectional study

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Walter Nsengiyumva,
  • Ernest Tambo,
  • Cyprien Niyonsenga,
  • Emile Sebera,
  • Fisseha Berehe,
  • Amos Habimana

摘要

Background

Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden, with increasing rates in sub-Saharan Africa. In Rwanda, prevalence surpasses the national average in certain rural areas like Gakenke District, especially among older adults. However, data specific to adults aged 50 years and older is limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated factors among adults aged 50 years and older in Gakenke District.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 adults aged 50 years and older in Gakenke District. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected from July to August 2025 using a structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPS survey. Blood pressure was measured following standard guidelines. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% (95% CI 25.8–35.1). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds of hypertension were progressively higher with each age category compared to the 50–59 age group: 60–69 years (aOR = 1.841, 95% CI 1.023–3.724, p = 0.007), 70–79 years (aOR = 2.095, 95% CI 1.032–5.279, p < 0.001), and 80 years or older (aOR = 3.120, 95% CI 1.088–6.864, p = 0.027). Self-employment was associated with lower odds of hypertension (aOR = 0.297, 95% CI 0.095–0.923, p = 0.036). Adding extra table salt to meals was associated with over fifteen times the odds of hypertension (aOR = 15.944, 95% CI 6.459–39.359, p < 0.001), while not eating vegetables was associated with twice the odds of hypertension (aOR = 2.056, 95% CI 1.151–3.672, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension among adults aged ≥ 50 years in Gakenke District was 30.5% (95% CI 25.8–35.1). This estimate is higher than the national prevalence reported for adults aged 15–64 years (16.8%) and the district-level estimate for all adults (18.9%). Advanced age, retirement (compared with self‑employment), adding extra salt to meals, and not eating vegetables were significantly associated with hypertension in this population.