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Background <p>Legal frameworks governing <!--Query ID="Q1" Text="Article title: Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the article title." Resolved="yes"-->identity are important determinants of population health,<!--Query ID="Q2" Text="Please confirm if all the authors names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence. Kindly check and confirm whether the names of all authors has been processed correctly and amend if necessary." Resolved="yes"--> influencing Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Act, 2026 in India represents a shift from self-determined gender identity to a more regulated and medicalised framework.</p> Methods <p>This perspective paper presents a narrative public health analysis of the <!--Query ID="Q3" Text="Kindly check and confirm the processed [Affiliations] is appropriate." Resolved="yes"-->Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Act, 2026, drawing on published literature, policy documents and legal frameworks through a health systems and health equity lens.</p> Results <p>The amendment introduces additional medical and administrative verification processes, which may delay or obstruct access to gender-affirming healthcare. These barriers are likely to increase financial burden and contribute to unsafe or informal care pathways. The changes may worsen mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety and suicidality, while also creating medico-legal uncertainty for healthcare providers. At a systems level, the amendment may reduce healthcare utilisation, increase mistrust in public institutions, contribute to data invisibility and exacerbate existing health inequities. Broader societal effects include reinforcement of stigma and disproportionate impact on socioeconomically marginalised populations.</p> Conclusions <p>The Amendment Act has significant implications for health equity and may undermine progress towards multiple Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to health, gender equality and reduced inequalities. Strengthening rights-affirming and inclusive legal frameworks is essential to reduce avoidable disease burden and DALYs associated with gender-based violence and structural exclusion.</p>

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Public health implications of the Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Amendment Act 2026 in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月28日

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  • Kimberley Maria D’Souza,
  • Ritash Achanta,
  • Nancy Angeline Gnanaselvam

摘要

Background

Legal frameworks governing identity are important determinants of population health, influencing Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Act, 2026 in India represents a shift from self-determined gender identity to a more regulated and medicalised framework.

Methods

This perspective paper presents a narrative public health analysis of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Amendment Act, 2026, drawing on published literature, policy documents and legal frameworks through a health systems and health equity lens.

Results

The amendment introduces additional medical and administrative verification processes, which may delay or obstruct access to gender-affirming healthcare. These barriers are likely to increase financial burden and contribute to unsafe or informal care pathways. The changes may worsen mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety and suicidality, while also creating medico-legal uncertainty for healthcare providers. At a systems level, the amendment may reduce healthcare utilisation, increase mistrust in public institutions, contribute to data invisibility and exacerbate existing health inequities. Broader societal effects include reinforcement of stigma and disproportionate impact on socioeconomically marginalised populations.

Conclusions

The Amendment Act has significant implications for health equity and may undermine progress towards multiple Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those related to health, gender equality and reduced inequalities. Strengthening rights-affirming and inclusive legal frameworks is essential to reduce avoidable disease burden and DALYs associated with gender-based violence and structural exclusion.