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Objective <p>To identify risk factors related to obstetric care and the evaluation of the newborn that are predictors of congenital syphilis.</p> Methods <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a reference center for infectious disease in Brazil, from 2017 to 2022. Children exposed to vertical transmission of syphilis were included. Confirmed congenital syphilis was defined based on reactive treponemal test results after 18&#xa0;months of life, and congenital syphilis was ruled out following non-reactive VDRL results. A descriptive and comparative analysis between groups with confirmed and excluded congenital syphilis diagnoses was performed. Statistical significance was considered at p &lt; 0.05, and the magnitude of association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.</p> Results <p>A total of 377 children were included in the comparative analysis. Three variables were independently associated with congenital syphilis: absence of maternal treatment with benzathine penicillin (OR = 4.29; CI 95% 1.13–18.96), presence of clinical manifestations of infants (OR = 4.97; CI 95% 1.30–18.96), and VDRL titration of the newborn collected at the maternity &gt; 1:2 (OR = 11.28; CI 95% 1.42–94.44).</p> Conclusion <p>The high percentage of mothers considered inadequately treated reflects challenges in managing infected pregnant women. VDRL results of newborn was identified as an independent variable associated with congenital syphilis diagnosis and may direct decisions to investigate and treat them. Although clinical manifestations of neonates have been identified as factors associated with congenital syphilis, these findings are nonspecific, which emphasizes the complexity of managing vertically exposed newborns.</p>

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Determinants of obstetric and neonatal care for congenital syphilis confirmed by treponemal test in clinical follow-up at a r reference outpatient clinic

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Lorena Batista Pascoal,
  • Ericka Viana Machado Carellos,
  • Briana Henriques Machado Tarabai,
  • Gabriela Couto Abrantes Rennó,
  • Gustavo de Oliveira Gonçalves da Cruz,
  • Roberta Maia de Castro Romanelli

摘要

Objective

To identify risk factors related to obstetric care and the evaluation of the newborn that are predictors of congenital syphilis.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a reference center for infectious disease in Brazil, from 2017 to 2022. Children exposed to vertical transmission of syphilis were included. Confirmed congenital syphilis was defined based on reactive treponemal test results after 18 months of life, and congenital syphilis was ruled out following non-reactive VDRL results. A descriptive and comparative analysis between groups with confirmed and excluded congenital syphilis diagnoses was performed. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05, and the magnitude of association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee.

Results

A total of 377 children were included in the comparative analysis. Three variables were independently associated with congenital syphilis: absence of maternal treatment with benzathine penicillin (OR = 4.29; CI 95% 1.13–18.96), presence of clinical manifestations of infants (OR = 4.97; CI 95% 1.30–18.96), and VDRL titration of the newborn collected at the maternity > 1:2 (OR = 11.28; CI 95% 1.42–94.44).

Conclusion

The high percentage of mothers considered inadequately treated reflects challenges in managing infected pregnant women. VDRL results of newborn was identified as an independent variable associated with congenital syphilis diagnosis and may direct decisions to investigate and treat them. Although clinical manifestations of neonates have been identified as factors associated with congenital syphilis, these findings are nonspecific, which emphasizes the complexity of managing vertically exposed newborns.