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<p>Socioeconomic conditions shape cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet how patterns of inequality differ across nations remains insufficiently examined. In this cross-sectional study using country‑level indicators related to heart and circulatory problems, income, education and unemployment from the European Social Survey (ESS), we derived standardised prevalence estimates and summary measures of dispersion, including Gini coefficients, to characterise how unevenly heart‑problem prevalence is distributed within each country. The results revealed a distinct East-West gradient with substantial differences between Mediterranean nations which showed lower overall prevalence but greater dispersion in heart‑problem prevalence, whereas Eastern European countries exhibited higher prevalence but more uniform distributions. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and cardiovascular health, and demonstrate the value of social indicators and inequality metrics for understanding population well-being and quality of life across nations.</p>

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Socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular health across Europe

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Ayesha Razakh,
  • Mark David Walker,
  • Michal Valko,
  • Hakan Lane

摘要

Socioeconomic conditions shape cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, yet how patterns of inequality differ across nations remains insufficiently examined. In this cross-sectional study using country‑level indicators related to heart and circulatory problems, income, education and unemployment from the European Social Survey (ESS), we derived standardised prevalence estimates and summary measures of dispersion, including Gini coefficients, to characterise how unevenly heart‑problem prevalence is distributed within each country. The results revealed a distinct East-West gradient with substantial differences between Mediterranean nations which showed lower overall prevalence but greater dispersion in heart‑problem prevalence, whereas Eastern European countries exhibited higher prevalence but more uniform distributions. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and cardiovascular health, and demonstrate the value of social indicators and inequality metrics for understanding population well-being and quality of life across nations.