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Background <p>An increasing body of evidence supports the efficacy of mind–body exercises (MBEs) in reducing anxiety and depression among cancer survivors, yet evidence on their relative comparative effectiveness remains limited. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the efficacy of different MBEs in improving these outcomes.</p> Methods <p>Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of four databases. We included RCTs that evaluated the effects of MBEs on anxiety and/or depression. A random-effects NMA was conducted within a frequentist framework to compare the relative efficacy of MBEs.</p> Results <p>Forty RCTs involving 3,238 cancer survivors (752 males and 2,486 females) were included. Compared with control groups, Yoga significantly improved anxiety (SMD: − 0.37; 95% CI: − 0.66 to − 0.09), while Qigong (SMD: − 0.55; 95% CI: − 1.08 to − 0.01) and Yoga (SMD: − 0.46; 95% CI: − 0.76 to − 0.16) significantly improved depression among the cancer survivors. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) suggested that Qigong (70.9%) was the most effective MBE for reducing anxiety, followed by Yoga (68.8%), Tai Chi (66.7%), and Dance (23.7%). For depression, Qigong ranked highest (64.9%), followed by Tai Chi (62.0%), Dance (59.1%), and Yoga (57.1%). When the analysis was restricted to breast cancer patients, Yoga (76.3%) emerged as the most effective MBE for reducing anxiety, whereas Tai Chi (91.8%) was the most effective for reducing depression.</p> Conclusion <p>This NMA suggests that Qigong may be the most effective MBE for reducing both anxiety and depression in cancer survivors. Future well-designed RCTs comparing the different forms of MBEs in diverse cancer populations are, however, needed to explore the observed efficacies.</p>

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A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of mind-body exercises for reducing anxiety and depression in cancer survivors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Samuel Tundealao,
  • Praise Okunlola,
  • Tolulope Titiloye,
  • Izuchukwu Ezema,
  • Oluwatosin Egba

摘要

Background

An increasing body of evidence supports the efficacy of mind–body exercises (MBEs) in reducing anxiety and depression among cancer survivors, yet evidence on their relative comparative effectiveness remains limited. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the efficacy of different MBEs in improving these outcomes.

Methods

Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of four databases. We included RCTs that evaluated the effects of MBEs on anxiety and/or depression. A random-effects NMA was conducted within a frequentist framework to compare the relative efficacy of MBEs.

Results

Forty RCTs involving 3,238 cancer survivors (752 males and 2,486 females) were included. Compared with control groups, Yoga significantly improved anxiety (SMD: − 0.37; 95% CI: − 0.66 to − 0.09), while Qigong (SMD: − 0.55; 95% CI: − 1.08 to − 0.01) and Yoga (SMD: − 0.46; 95% CI: − 0.76 to − 0.16) significantly improved depression among the cancer survivors. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) suggested that Qigong (70.9%) was the most effective MBE for reducing anxiety, followed by Yoga (68.8%), Tai Chi (66.7%), and Dance (23.7%). For depression, Qigong ranked highest (64.9%), followed by Tai Chi (62.0%), Dance (59.1%), and Yoga (57.1%). When the analysis was restricted to breast cancer patients, Yoga (76.3%) emerged as the most effective MBE for reducing anxiety, whereas Tai Chi (91.8%) was the most effective for reducing depression.

Conclusion

This NMA suggests that Qigong may be the most effective MBE for reducing both anxiety and depression in cancer survivors. Future well-designed RCTs comparing the different forms of MBEs in diverse cancer populations are, however, needed to explore the observed efficacies.