Background <p>Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium called <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>. Globally, between 2000 and 20,000 human cases of anthrax are reported annually; however, measures such as vaccination have been put in place in some regions for adequate control, but there are still occasional outbreaks in some African countries.</p> Objectives <p>This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinary medical students regarding anthrax at four West African universities.</p> Methods <p>A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to collect data on veterinary students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding anthrax. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Poisson regression with robust variance.</p> Results <p>Among the 793 veterinary students selected for this study, the proportion of Nigerian veterinary students with knowledge and prevention practices of anthrax was significantly higher than that of their Ghanaian counterparts. Respondents’ age and training level were significantly linked to practices for anthrax prevention among both Nigerian and Ghanaian students. The proportion of Nigerian veterinary students with a positive attitude towards anthrax was significantly higher than that of Ghanaian students. The percentage of Nigerian veterinary students with good anthrax-prevention practices increased significantly with age. Conversely, the percentage of Ghanaian veterinary students with good anthrax-prevention practices decreased significantly with age.</p> Conclusion <p>The study demonstrated low knowledge and practice of anthrax among veterinary students, indicating gaps in their understanding. There is a need for curricular reforms, including earlier introduction of zoonosis topics, increased practical and field training, and community engagement to prevent recurring outbreaks in African countries.</p>