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Objectives <p>This study examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risks and association with dietary patterns and nutrient intake in rural and urban areas.</p> Methods <p>In this cross-sectional study, 124 rural and 160 urban adults participated. Blood sampling, blood pressure and anthropometric measurement determined metabolic syndrome risks using the “Harmonized” JIS. A 3-day diet record assessed dietary patterns and nutrient intake in both areas.</p> Results <p>Adults in rural areas had a higher percentage for all metabolic syndrome risk components; however, only triglycerides and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher than in urban areas. Adherence to Dietary Pattern 3 and carbohydrate intake between 50% and 65% were significantly higher among adults in rural areas. Moderate (OR: 4.620, 95% CI 0.999, 21.636, p-value = 0.050) and high (OR: 6.544, 95% CI 1.096, 39.075, p-value = 0.039) adherence of Dietary Pattern 1 were significantly associated with increased odds of high triglycerides. Whereas moderate adherence to Dietary Pattern 2 (OR: 5.742, 95% CI 1.097, 30.044, p-value = 0.039) was significantly associated with increased odds for high waist circumference. For nutrient intake, low fat intake below 25% TEI (OR: 0.004, 95% CI 0, 0.319, p-value = 0.014) significantly decreased the odds of high fasting blood glucose while fat intake between 25% and 30% TEI (OR: 22.213, 95% CI 1.613, 305.942, p-value = 0.020) increased the odds of high systolic blood pressure.</p> Conclusions <p>This study demonstrates the effect of dietary patterns and nutrient intake on metabolic syndrome to help healthcare providers in educating society on healthy eating according to community needs to improve metabolic syndrome.</p>

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Dietary patterns and nutrient intake related to risk of metabolic syndrome among adults in rural and urban areas of Selangor, Malaysia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月25日

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  • Athirah Sorfina Sa’ari,
  • Nurul ‘Ain Azizan,
  • Nazrul Hadi Ismail,
  • Mohd Ramadan Ab Hamid

摘要

Objectives

This study examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risks and association with dietary patterns and nutrient intake in rural and urban areas.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 124 rural and 160 urban adults participated. Blood sampling, blood pressure and anthropometric measurement determined metabolic syndrome risks using the “Harmonized” JIS. A 3-day diet record assessed dietary patterns and nutrient intake in both areas.

Results

Adults in rural areas had a higher percentage for all metabolic syndrome risk components; however, only triglycerides and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher than in urban areas. Adherence to Dietary Pattern 3 and carbohydrate intake between 50% and 65% were significantly higher among adults in rural areas. Moderate (OR: 4.620, 95% CI 0.999, 21.636, p-value = 0.050) and high (OR: 6.544, 95% CI 1.096, 39.075, p-value = 0.039) adherence of Dietary Pattern 1 were significantly associated with increased odds of high triglycerides. Whereas moderate adherence to Dietary Pattern 2 (OR: 5.742, 95% CI 1.097, 30.044, p-value = 0.039) was significantly associated with increased odds for high waist circumference. For nutrient intake, low fat intake below 25% TEI (OR: 0.004, 95% CI 0, 0.319, p-value = 0.014) significantly decreased the odds of high fasting blood glucose while fat intake between 25% and 30% TEI (OR: 22.213, 95% CI 1.613, 305.942, p-value = 0.020) increased the odds of high systolic blood pressure.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the effect of dietary patterns and nutrient intake on metabolic syndrome to help healthcare providers in educating society on healthy eating according to community needs to improve metabolic syndrome.