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<p>Nigeria has experienced significant air pollution, with sulphur dioxide (SO₂) being one of the primary pollutants due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. SO₂ contributes to acid precipitation, haze formation, reduced visibility, and increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study measured atmospheric SO₂ concentrations across five locations—Welding Workshop (A), Busy Road (B), Generator House (C), Mechanic Workshop (D), and Metal Works and Welding Industry (E)—in Akure and Okitipupa, Nigeria. The highest SO₂ concentration was recorded at location E (30.4&#xa0;mg/m³; ~30,368&#xa0;µg/m³), while the lowest was observed at location C (3.6&#xa0;mg/m³; ~3,640&#xa0;µg/m³). Meteorological parameters, including temperature, wind speed, and humidity, were analyzed to assess their influence on SO₂ levels. Health risk assessments were conducted for both adults and children, evaluating exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. The findings indicate elevated non-carcinogenic health risks, particularly at location E, although hazard indices remain below 1. These results highlight potential respiratory risks based on screening-level exposure modeling.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Assessment of atmospheric sulphur dioxide (SO₂) levels and associated health risks at selected industrial and urban sites in Akure and Okitipupa, Ondo state, Nigeria

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya,
  • Joseph Ifeanyi Uche,
  • Atinuke Bagbe,
  • Ayomide Azeez Raji

摘要

Nigeria has experienced significant air pollution, with sulphur dioxide (SO₂) being one of the primary pollutants due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. SO₂ contributes to acid precipitation, haze formation, reduced visibility, and increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study measured atmospheric SO₂ concentrations across five locations—Welding Workshop (A), Busy Road (B), Generator House (C), Mechanic Workshop (D), and Metal Works and Welding Industry (E)—in Akure and Okitipupa, Nigeria. The highest SO₂ concentration was recorded at location E (30.4 mg/m³; ~30,368 µg/m³), while the lowest was observed at location C (3.6 mg/m³; ~3,640 µg/m³). Meteorological parameters, including temperature, wind speed, and humidity, were analyzed to assess their influence on SO₂ levels. Health risk assessments were conducted for both adults and children, evaluating exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. The findings indicate elevated non-carcinogenic health risks, particularly at location E, although hazard indices remain below 1. These results highlight potential respiratory risks based on screening-level exposure modeling.

Graphical Abstract