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<p>Racialized policing and police violence in the United States remains a public health issue requiring additional research attention and intervention. Despite increased public awareness of police violence in the US since the 2020 murder of George Floyd, there have been relatively few police reform efforts. Further, there is relatively little public health literature on theoretical and methodological approaches needed to guide policy reform and interventions to address the harms associated with policing. While a substantive body of policing-related research exists in fields such as criminology, sociology, law, and public affairs, there is comparatively scant literature in health sciences. Absent such knowledge, efforts to address the numerous health-related harms of policing, such as violence and mortality, may continue to be insufficiently addressed. In this article, we complete a scoping review of existing health science literature on policing and its health-related consequences in the US. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 128 articles identified through PubMed and describe the demographic foci, methods, outcome measures, and theoretical approaches of each article. Of the 128 articles reviewed, only 44 (34.4%) used a theoretical perspective, demonstrating a need for theory-informed public health research to deeply examine policing as a social structure that has health-related implications. Few studies (19/128, 16.4%) included sexual and gender minorities, demonstrating a critical literature gap and limited use of intersectionality-informed analyses. Further, most studies (85/128, 66.4%) used a quantitative approach, underscoring opportunity for additional qualitative studies. Our findings identify knowledge gaps that can guide future research and reform efforts.</p>

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Policing and health equity in the United States: a scoping review of health science literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Nathaniel Webb,
  • Nolan Nolan Kline

摘要

Racialized policing and police violence in the United States remains a public health issue requiring additional research attention and intervention. Despite increased public awareness of police violence in the US since the 2020 murder of George Floyd, there have been relatively few police reform efforts. Further, there is relatively little public health literature on theoretical and methodological approaches needed to guide policy reform and interventions to address the harms associated with policing. While a substantive body of policing-related research exists in fields such as criminology, sociology, law, and public affairs, there is comparatively scant literature in health sciences. Absent such knowledge, efforts to address the numerous health-related harms of policing, such as violence and mortality, may continue to be insufficiently addressed. In this article, we complete a scoping review of existing health science literature on policing and its health-related consequences in the US. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 128 articles identified through PubMed and describe the demographic foci, methods, outcome measures, and theoretical approaches of each article. Of the 128 articles reviewed, only 44 (34.4%) used a theoretical perspective, demonstrating a need for theory-informed public health research to deeply examine policing as a social structure that has health-related implications. Few studies (19/128, 16.4%) included sexual and gender minorities, demonstrating a critical literature gap and limited use of intersectionality-informed analyses. Further, most studies (85/128, 66.4%) used a quantitative approach, underscoring opportunity for additional qualitative studies. Our findings identify knowledge gaps that can guide future research and reform efforts.