COVID-19 vaccination and lethality reduction: a prospective observational study in Venezuela during the last two waves

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2024年10月14日

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David A. Forero-Peña,
Jéssica L. Leyva,
María V. Valenzuela,
Óscar D. Omaña-Ávila,
Oriana A. Regalado-Gutiérrez,
Daniela L. Mendoza-Millán,
Elisanny A. Sánchez-Ytriago,
Andrea C. Lahoud-El Hachem,
Katherine R. Farro,
Ana K. Maita,
Romina del C. González,
Carlis M. Rodriguez-Saavedra,
Fernando Hernández-Medina,
Natasha A. Camejo-Ávila,
Diana C. Freitas-de Nobrega,
Rodrigo T. Celis,
José L. Forero-Peña,
Alfonso Martínez,
María E. Grillet,
María E. Landaeta,
Fhabián S. Carrión-Nessi

摘要

Background

In Venezuela, the predominant vaccines administered are BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac. Despite robust evidence from randomized clinical trials validating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in mitigating hospitalization and mortality, there is still a lack of post-authorization safety studies conducted within this demographic population.

Methods

A prospective observational study from October 5, 2021 to March 31, 2022 encompassed COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated patients from four sentinel hospitals in Venezuela. Patient lethality was predicted using Charlson Comorbidity index. Clinical outcomes were assessed through WHO’s COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale.

Results

Out of the 175 patients assessed, 85 (48.6%) were vaccinated. The median Charlson Comorbidity index was 3 points, with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups (p = 0.2). A total of 50 (28.6%) patients died during the study period, with higher proportion of deaths in unvaccinated patients (35.6% vs. 21.2%, p = 0.035). Advanced age (OR = 1.043, 95% CI = 1.015–1.071, p = 0.002) was associated with increased death risk, whereas vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 0.428, 95% CI = 0.185–0.99, p = 0.047), high oxygen saturation (OR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.934–0.995, p = 0.024), and enoxaparin administration (OR = 0.292, 95% CI = 0.093–0.917, p = 0.035) were associated with decreased death risk.

Conclusion

During the third and fourth waves of the pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a 57% reduction in lethality among patients in four public hospitals in Venezuela.