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<p>Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure remains a challenge in HIV Programs. We conducted a cross-sectional study among people living with HIV on second-line ART in Eastern Uganda to determine the prevalence and associated factors of virological failure and to assess elevated serum bilirubin as a surrogate marker of adherence. The prevalence of virological failure was 7.5%. Elevated bilirubin showed poor sensitivity and specificity for predicting adherence or virological failure. The findings highlight the need for routine viral load monitoring, as bilirubin is not a reliable surrogate marker of treatment adherence or virological failure.</p>

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Second-line virologic failure and elevated bilirubin as a potential surrogate marker of ART adherence among people living with HIV in Eastern Uganda

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Simiyu Melap Lynnet,
  • Jacob Stanley Iramiot,
  • Rebecca Nekaka,
  • Patrick Okware,
  • Mary Abwola Olwedo,
  • Joshua Epuitai,
  • Paul Oboth,
  • Herbert Itabangi,
  • Lydia V. N. Ssenyonga,
  • Julius Nteziyaremye,
  • David Okia

摘要

Second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure remains a challenge in HIV Programs. We conducted a cross-sectional study among people living with HIV on second-line ART in Eastern Uganda to determine the prevalence and associated factors of virological failure and to assess elevated serum bilirubin as a surrogate marker of adherence. The prevalence of virological failure was 7.5%. Elevated bilirubin showed poor sensitivity and specificity for predicting adherence or virological failure. The findings highlight the need for routine viral load monitoring, as bilirubin is not a reliable surrogate marker of treatment adherence or virological failure.