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<p>Mounting evidence implicates pathogen infections in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the cellular mechanisms underlying infection-induced neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Central to this process is the dysfunction of astrocyte-neuron interactions, which are critical for maintaining neuroinflammatory balance and synaptic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a key regulator of astrocyte reactivity during infection, leading to impaired neuroglial communications and cognitive decline. In a murine model of chronic <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) infection, elevated PTP1B levels in astrocytes were closely associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments. Conditional deletion of astrocytic PTP1B or its pharmacological inhibition mitigated neuroinflammation, restored synaptic integrity, and rescued cognitive function. Mechanistically, astrocytic PTP1B induced the polarization of A1-like neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, enhanced glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, and triggered neuronal senescence, collectively contributing to synaptic damage and cognitive deficits. Notably, elevated levels of PTP1B, GAFP and cellular senescence markers were observed in the serum samples from <i>T. gondii</i> IgG-seropositive individuals and in hippocampal transcriptomes from AD patients, underscoring the translational relevance. Together, our findings reveal that PTP1B-mediated disorder of astrocyte-neuron crosstalk represents a novel mechanism of pathogen-driven neurodegeneration.</p>

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PTP1B in astrocytes drives pathogen-induced neurodegeneration

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Zhicheng He,
  • Yihui Xing,
  • Jianqi Gu,
  • Daxiang Xu,
  • Peixuan He,
  • Xiaoqian Lin,
  • Wenjing Cui,
  • Huiling Lv,
  • Haoxuan Ding,
  • Kai Sui,
  • Wenting Hao,
  • Yutao Zheng,
  • Xiaoying Yang,
  • Xufeng Huang,
  • Kun Yin,
  • Cheng He,
  • Kuiyang Zheng,
  • Yinghua Yu,
  • Wei Pan

摘要

Mounting evidence implicates pathogen infections in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the cellular mechanisms underlying infection-induced neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. Central to this process is the dysfunction of astrocyte-neuron interactions, which are critical for maintaining neuroinflammatory balance and synaptic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a key regulator of astrocyte reactivity during infection, leading to impaired neuroglial communications and cognitive decline. In a murine model of chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection, elevated PTP1B levels in astrocytes were closely associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments. Conditional deletion of astrocytic PTP1B or its pharmacological inhibition mitigated neuroinflammation, restored synaptic integrity, and rescued cognitive function. Mechanistically, astrocytic PTP1B induced the polarization of A1-like neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, enhanced glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, and triggered neuronal senescence, collectively contributing to synaptic damage and cognitive deficits. Notably, elevated levels of PTP1B, GAFP and cellular senescence markers were observed in the serum samples from T. gondii IgG-seropositive individuals and in hippocampal transcriptomes from AD patients, underscoring the translational relevance. Together, our findings reveal that PTP1B-mediated disorder of astrocyte-neuron crosstalk represents a novel mechanism of pathogen-driven neurodegeneration.