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Background <p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key elements in intercellular communication and are released into body fluids by all cells in physiological and pathological conditions. In brain tumors, EVs facilitate the bidirectional communication between neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor progression and immune evasion. Among the various components of the EVs, microRNAs (miRs) act as potent regulators of gene expression. In particular, miR21 has gained attention as both a promising diagnostic biomarker and a key contributor to GBM progression.</p> Methods <p>This study employed content analysis of miRs in EVs isolated from the brain, plasma, and urine of glioma-bearing mice. </p> Results <p>Seven days after glioma cell injection, miR21 was the most highly expressed miR in both the brain and biofluids. Notably, its overexpression was particularly prominent in medium/large EVs. Co-culture experiments revealed that the early source of this marker is primarily microglia, rather than tumor cells.</p> Conclusion <p>These data point out the potential of miR21 as early biomarker for glioma diagnosis and disease monitoring, emphasizing the role of non-tumoral cells, particularly microglia, as rapidly reacting elements in the context of gliomas.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Extracellular vesicle-derived miR21 of non-tumoral origin as early diagnostic marker of glioma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Mariassunta De Luca,
  • Arianna Rinaldi,
  • Arianna Ioni,
  • Anaïs Oudin,
  • Andrea Scafidi,
  • Aurélie Poli,
  • Laura Vilardo,
  • Anna Golebiewska,
  • Igea D’Agnano,
  • Alessandro Michelucci,
  • Cristina Limatola,
  • Myriam Catalano

摘要

Background

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key elements in intercellular communication and are released into body fluids by all cells in physiological and pathological conditions. In brain tumors, EVs facilitate the bidirectional communication between neoplastic cells and the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor progression and immune evasion. Among the various components of the EVs, microRNAs (miRs) act as potent regulators of gene expression. In particular, miR21 has gained attention as both a promising diagnostic biomarker and a key contributor to GBM progression.

Methods

This study employed content analysis of miRs in EVs isolated from the brain, plasma, and urine of glioma-bearing mice.

Results

Seven days after glioma cell injection, miR21 was the most highly expressed miR in both the brain and biofluids. Notably, its overexpression was particularly prominent in medium/large EVs. Co-culture experiments revealed that the early source of this marker is primarily microglia, rather than tumor cells.

Conclusion

These data point out the potential of miR21 as early biomarker for glioma diagnosis and disease monitoring, emphasizing the role of non-tumoral cells, particularly microglia, as rapidly reacting elements in the context of gliomas.

Graphical Abstract