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Background <p>Myopia has become a major global public health concern, with increasing evidence linking diet and inflammation to its development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on refractive development and myopia progression in guinea pigs.</p> Methods <p>Thirty-two 3-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, HFD, lens-induced myopia (LIM), and lens-induced myopia with high-fat diet (LIM + HFD) group. The HFD group was fed a high fat diet for 4 weeks, while myopia was induced in the right eye of LIM and LIM + HFD groups using a -10D lens. Ocular parameters, including refractive error (RE), axial length (AL), retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (ChT), and choroidal blood perfusion (ChBP), were measured at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL, LDL) were assessed using an automated biochemical analyzer and serum and retinal levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) were evaluated by ELISA and qPCR at baseline and 4 weeks.</p> Results <p>After 4 weeks, HFD and LIM + HFD groups developed dyslipidemia with elevated TC, TG, and LDL (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Compared with controls, the HFD group showed decreased RE, increased AL, and reduced RT, ChT, and ChBP (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), indicating greater susceptibility to myopia. In lens-wearing eyes, LIM + HFD did not exacerbate myopic progression compared with LIM (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). However, in fellow eyes, LIM + HFD induced HFD-like structural and functional changes, significantly different from LIM alone (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Correlation analysis further demonstrated that TC and LDL levels were positively associated with AL and negatively correlated with ChT and ChBP (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas TG showed no significant association with ocular parameters, supporting a link between metabolic dysregulation and ocular structural remodeling. ELISA and qPCR revealed elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-kB in HFD and LIM groups, with the highest levels in LIM + HFD.</p> Conclusions <p>A 4-week HFD increased susceptibility to myopia during normal refractive development but did not worsen lens-induced myopia. HFD was associated with enhanced systemic and retinal inflammation, suggesting a potential link between diet-induced inflammation and increased myopia susceptibility.</p>

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Lipid metabolism related inflammation modulates ocular growth in a high-fat diet guinea pig model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Xiaoran Zhang,
  • Yamin Chen,
  • Kailei Wang,
  • Ning Zhang,
  • Zichen Luan,
  • Rui Hao

摘要

Background

Myopia has become a major global public health concern, with increasing evidence linking diet and inflammation to its development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on refractive development and myopia progression in guinea pigs.

Methods

Thirty-two 3-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, HFD, lens-induced myopia (LIM), and lens-induced myopia with high-fat diet (LIM + HFD) group. The HFD group was fed a high fat diet for 4 weeks, while myopia was induced in the right eye of LIM and LIM + HFD groups using a -10D lens. Ocular parameters, including refractive error (RE), axial length (AL), retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (ChT), and choroidal blood perfusion (ChBP), were measured at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL, LDL) were assessed using an automated biochemical analyzer and serum and retinal levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) were evaluated by ELISA and qPCR at baseline and 4 weeks.

Results

After 4 weeks, HFD and LIM + HFD groups developed dyslipidemia with elevated TC, TG, and LDL (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, the HFD group showed decreased RE, increased AL, and reduced RT, ChT, and ChBP (P < 0.0001), indicating greater susceptibility to myopia. In lens-wearing eyes, LIM + HFD did not exacerbate myopic progression compared with LIM (P > 0.05). However, in fellow eyes, LIM + HFD induced HFD-like structural and functional changes, significantly different from LIM alone (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis further demonstrated that TC and LDL levels were positively associated with AL and negatively correlated with ChT and ChBP (all P < 0.05), whereas TG showed no significant association with ocular parameters, supporting a link between metabolic dysregulation and ocular structural remodeling. ELISA and qPCR revealed elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-kB in HFD and LIM groups, with the highest levels in LIM + HFD.

Conclusions

A 4-week HFD increased susceptibility to myopia during normal refractive development but did not worsen lens-induced myopia. HFD was associated with enhanced systemic and retinal inflammation, suggesting a potential link between diet-induced inflammation and increased myopia susceptibility.