Background <p>Glycans form unique GlycoRNAs through covalent modification of RNA molecules. GlycoRNAs serve as key components in intercellular communication. Early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors have always been the focus of cancer research, and the emergence of GlycoRNA has brought new opportunities to this field.</p> Main body <p>With breakthroughs in detection technologies, the structure and function of GlycoRNA are being gradually revealed. Here we describe the multiple biological functions of GlycoRNA and discuss the newly discovered GlycoRNA present in the exosomal lumen. This article primarily focuses on the structure and functional regulation of GlycoRNA, as well as detection technologies, to illustrate its potential in tumor diagnosis and treatment.</p> Conclusion <p>Our aim is to provide new perspectives for GlycoRNA biology research and promote its applications in malignant tumors.</p>