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Background <p>Vascular remodeling is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases and is increasingly recognized as an immune-mediated process. Recent evidence has identified the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway as a critical mediator linking cytosolic DNA sensing to innate immune activation. Beyond its classical role in host defense against pathogens, the cGAS-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating the recruitment, activation, and functional polarization of diverse immune cell populations, including macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils, thereby contributing to vascular inflammation and pathological remodeling.</p> Main text <p>This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how cGAS-STING signaling governs immune cell infiltration and intercellular communication that underlie vascular remodeling. We also explore the direct effects of cGAS-STING activation on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and its crosstalk with other key signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Hippo-YAP, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In addition, we discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, including small-molecule inhibitors and combination therapies utilizing nano-delivery systems.</p> Conclusions <p>By highlighting the role of immune cell infiltration as a novel therapeutic axis, this review provides new perspectives for the modulation of vascular remodeling and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These insights may inform future research on pathway-specific interventions and the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.</p>

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Research progress on the mechanisms of cGAS-STING signaling in immune cell infiltration associated with vascular remodeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Xiaoyu Zhang,
  • Liming Cheng,
  • Xuejuan Ma,
  • Kaiyang Ma,
  • Jiahui Xie,
  • Wenting Gui,
  • Jiaxiang Chen,
  • Kai Liu,
  • Runwei Ma

摘要

Background

Vascular remodeling is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases and is increasingly recognized as an immune-mediated process. Recent evidence has identified the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway as a critical mediator linking cytosolic DNA sensing to innate immune activation. Beyond its classical role in host defense against pathogens, the cGAS-STING pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating the recruitment, activation, and functional polarization of diverse immune cell populations, including macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and eosinophils, thereby contributing to vascular inflammation and pathological remodeling.

Main text

This review summarizes recent advances in understanding how cGAS-STING signaling governs immune cell infiltration and intercellular communication that underlie vascular remodeling. We also explore the direct effects of cGAS-STING activation on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and its crosstalk with other key signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Hippo-YAP, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In addition, we discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, including small-molecule inhibitors and combination therapies utilizing nano-delivery systems.

Conclusions

By highlighting the role of immune cell infiltration as a novel therapeutic axis, this review provides new perspectives for the modulation of vascular remodeling and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These insights may inform future research on pathway-specific interventions and the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.