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<p>Exosomes are emerging as dynamic regulators of cellular crosstalk. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (Exo-lncRNAs) are now recognized as key molecular mediators of diabetes mellitus. These molecules are interrelated with β-cell function, insulin resistance, inflammation, and diabetic complications. Key diabetes-related exo-lncRNAs include exo-P3134, which supports β-cell compensation, as well as exo-MALAT1 and exo-GAS5, which are regulators of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This review unravels the complex interplay between exo-lncRNAs and the hallmarks of diabetes, across disease pathogenesis and complications. It also spotlights the unprecedented potential of exo-lncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers and next-generation therapeutic targets in precision medicine in diabetes. By combining mechanistic and translational evidence, this review offers the first integrative framework that positions exo-lncRNAs at the center of diabetes progression and opens new avenues for translational applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Harnessing exosomal long non-coding RNAs as a new frontier for molecular diagnostics and therapeutics in diabetes mellitus

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Heba M. Midan,
  • Eman F. Wasfey,
  • Ahmed S. Doghish,
  • Mohamed M. Kamal,
  • Dina H. Kassem

摘要

Exosomes are emerging as dynamic regulators of cellular crosstalk. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (Exo-lncRNAs) are now recognized as key molecular mediators of diabetes mellitus. These molecules are interrelated with β-cell function, insulin resistance, inflammation, and diabetic complications. Key diabetes-related exo-lncRNAs include exo-P3134, which supports β-cell compensation, as well as exo-MALAT1 and exo-GAS5, which are regulators of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This review unravels the complex interplay between exo-lncRNAs and the hallmarks of diabetes, across disease pathogenesis and complications. It also spotlights the unprecedented potential of exo-lncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers and next-generation therapeutic targets in precision medicine in diabetes. By combining mechanistic and translational evidence, this review offers the first integrative framework that positions exo-lncRNAs at the center of diabetes progression and opens new avenues for translational applications.

Graphical Abstract