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<p>X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) is a main regulator of X chromosome inactivation in mammals, which silences most genes on X chromosome in a <i>cis</i> way. Xist is a kind of lncRNA, which cannot encode the transcript of protein. In addition, Xist RNA mediates the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) process to achieve dose compensation between the sexes. Recent studies have identified that Xist RNA regulates gene expression by recruiting factors/complexes to modify potential chromatin, which were involved in diseases such as neuroinflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this paper, the research progress of Xist RNA causing a series of diseases in mammalian cells is reviewed, which makes it a potential target for treating human diseases and provides a new direction for further study of diseases.</p>

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Xist in X chromosome inactivation: mechanisms and disease relevance

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Xiaona Zhang,
  • Qie Mu,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Yuqing Sun,
  • Rui Cao,
  • Lixiao Guo,
  • Qi Han,
  • Jiaojiao Gao,
  • Baofeng Yu,
  • Xiuwei Wang,
  • Li Zhang,
  • Huaxing Meng

摘要

X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) is a main regulator of X chromosome inactivation in mammals, which silences most genes on X chromosome in a cis way. Xist is a kind of lncRNA, which cannot encode the transcript of protein. In addition, Xist RNA mediates the X chromosome inactivation (XCI) process to achieve dose compensation between the sexes. Recent studies have identified that Xist RNA regulates gene expression by recruiting factors/complexes to modify potential chromatin, which were involved in diseases such as neuroinflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this paper, the research progress of Xist RNA causing a series of diseases in mammalian cells is reviewed, which makes it a potential target for treating human diseases and provides a new direction for further study of diseases.