Objective <p>This research aimed to explore the level of family resilience among colorectal cancer patients during the discharge transition period and analyse the factors that influence it. It also examined the relationship between satisfaction with the quality of discharge instructions and family resilience.</p> Methods <p>It was a cross-sectional study. From January to June 2024, the families of discharged colorectal cancer patients were selected using convenience sampling from two tertiary hospitals in an eastern Chinese city. The study instruments included the demographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Family Resilience Scale, the Family APGAR Index, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Scale. x, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self-Efficacy Scale. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and generalised linear regressions.</p> Results <p>The mean score of family resilience was 92.27 (SD = 6.95). Satisfaction with the quality of discharge guidance was significantly positively correlated with family resilience. Generalised linear regression analysis showed that self-efficacy (<i>β</i> = 3.509, <i>P</i> &lt;.001), family function (<i>β</i> = 0.938, <i>P</i> &lt;.001), satisfaction with the quality of discharge guidance (<i>β</i> = 1.190, <i>P</i> =.008), and social support (<i>β</i> = 0.309, <i>P</i> &lt;.001) were significant predictors of family resilience among colorectal cancer patients.</p> Conclusions <p>Colorectal cancer patients exhibited moderately low family resilience in the discharge transition period, influenced by individual, family, and social factors. Healthcare providers need to provide family-focused cognitive behavioural training to enhance patients’ self-efficacy; actively utilise various support resources within the family’s internal and external systems; and create a discharge guidance program that better addresses the patient’s family’s needs to enhance their coping skills.</p>