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Introduction <p>Routine assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is essential. We evaluated measurement equivalence between the digital and paper versions of the Shona EQ-5D-5L and examined known-groups validity.</p> Methods and materials <p>We conducted a parallel randomised study in Zimbabwe with 700 participants allocated equally to the digital and paper groups.</p> Results <p>The study included 611 participants with a mean age of 37.5 years (SD 12.2). Most were female (70.7%), had secondary education (67.9%), and reported financial inadequacy (68.7%). The digital and paper versions of the EQ-5D-5L Shona demonstrated measurement equivalence. Older age (AOR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.41–0.88; <i>p</i> = 0.008), food insecurity (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.20–2.80; <i>p</i> = 0.01), financial insecurity (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.10–2.69; <i>p</i> = 0.017), and elevated CMD symptoms (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.29–0.68; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were associated with lower HRQoL.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrated measurement equivalence between the digital and paper versions of the EQ-5D-5L Shona. Both versions can therefore be used confidently in routine clinical care and research. The findings also highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve HRQoL among PLHIV.</p>

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A randomised equivalence study of the EQ-5D-5L Shona versions: evaluation of measurement equivalence between digital and paper formats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Jermaine M. Dambi,
  • Fredrick D. Purba,
  • Beatrice K. Shava,
  • Anotida R. Hove,
  • Shalom R. Doyce,
  • Tariro Tunduwani,
  • Ben Domingue,
  • Dixon Chibanda,
  • A. Simon Pickard

摘要

Introduction

Routine assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is essential. We evaluated measurement equivalence between the digital and paper versions of the Shona EQ-5D-5L and examined known-groups validity.

Methods and materials

We conducted a parallel randomised study in Zimbabwe with 700 participants allocated equally to the digital and paper groups.

Results

The study included 611 participants with a mean age of 37.5 years (SD 12.2). Most were female (70.7%), had secondary education (67.9%), and reported financial inadequacy (68.7%). The digital and paper versions of the EQ-5D-5L Shona demonstrated measurement equivalence. Older age (AOR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.41–0.88; p = 0.008), food insecurity (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.20–2.80; p = 0.01), financial insecurity (AOR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.10–2.69; p = 0.017), and elevated CMD symptoms (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.29–0.68; p < 0.001) were associated with lower HRQoL.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated measurement equivalence between the digital and paper versions of the EQ-5D-5L Shona. Both versions can therefore be used confidently in routine clinical care and research. The findings also highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve HRQoL among PLHIV.