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<p>Pancreatic cancer is a highly immunosuppressive “cold” tumor that typically fails to achieve satisfactory immunotherapy outcomes. Photoimmunotherapy represents a preeminent cancer treatment strategy that combines the advantages of noninvasive phototherapy and drug-free immunotherapy. However, recently reported phototherapeutic materials predominantly respond to visible light via the oxygen-dependent pathway, severely weakening their efficacy in hypoxic and deep-seated tumors. Herein, a dimerization strategy for a near-infrared II (NIR-II)-emissive luminophore is developed for efficient image-guided photoimmunotherapy of “cold” pancreatic tumors. Owing to their dimeric design, the nanoparticles (NPs) of the dimeric luminophore (<i>d-</i>NBT) exhibited improved absorption and NIR-II fluorescence emission, along with efficient type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and sufficient photothermal conversion performance under 808&#xa0;nm light irradiation. With NIR-II imaging, <i>d-</i>NBT NPs have been demonstrated to provide high-resolution whole-body angiography beyond 1500&#xa0;nm and efficient tumor accumulation. The complete ablation of pancreatic tumors in primary and KPC tumor models were achieved via the photoimmunotherapy effect of <i>d-</i>NBT NPs. This study provides a dimerization strategy for high-performance NIR-II emissive luminophores for imaging-guided photoimmunotherapy of “cold” pancreatic cancer.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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NIR-II emissive nanomedicine of dimer-structured conjugated oligomer induces immunogenic cell death for photoimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Cui Cen,
  • Yuliang Yang,
  • Yijian Gao,
  • Jie Yu,
  • Haoyu Wang,
  • Xiandie Qian,
  • Yujie Ma,
  • Huan Chen,
  • Hai Huang,
  • Zihan Su,
  • Lijun Kan,
  • Xiliang Li,
  • Yujun Zhang,
  • Shengliang Li

摘要

Pancreatic cancer is a highly immunosuppressive “cold” tumor that typically fails to achieve satisfactory immunotherapy outcomes. Photoimmunotherapy represents a preeminent cancer treatment strategy that combines the advantages of noninvasive phototherapy and drug-free immunotherapy. However, recently reported phototherapeutic materials predominantly respond to visible light via the oxygen-dependent pathway, severely weakening their efficacy in hypoxic and deep-seated tumors. Herein, a dimerization strategy for a near-infrared II (NIR-II)-emissive luminophore is developed for efficient image-guided photoimmunotherapy of “cold” pancreatic tumors. Owing to their dimeric design, the nanoparticles (NPs) of the dimeric luminophore (d-NBT) exhibited improved absorption and NIR-II fluorescence emission, along with efficient type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and sufficient photothermal conversion performance under 808 nm light irradiation. With NIR-II imaging, d-NBT NPs have been demonstrated to provide high-resolution whole-body angiography beyond 1500 nm and efficient tumor accumulation. The complete ablation of pancreatic tumors in primary and KPC tumor models were achieved via the photoimmunotherapy effect of d-NBT NPs. This study provides a dimerization strategy for high-performance NIR-II emissive luminophores for imaging-guided photoimmunotherapy of “cold” pancreatic cancer.

Graphical abstract