<p>Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, holds significant promise for cancer therapy due to its unique redox-driven mechanism and immunogenic potential. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often compromised by inadequate catalytic kinetics and an unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Here, we develop a multifunctional nanocatalyst (BCuP@G) based on albumin-stabilized polypyrrole doped with multivalent Cu ions and conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx) to enable enzyme-enhanced cascade catalysis for ferroptosis-immunotherapy. The embedded Cu<sup>+</sup>/Cu<sup>2+</sup> redox centers catalyze glutathione depletion and ·OH generation, while GOx continuously supplies H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> through glucose oxidation. Upon NIR-II laser irradiation, the photothermal effect further accelerates both enzymatic and catalytic kinetics, triggering excessive redox imbalance, lipid peroxidation, and synergistic ferroptosis-apoptosis. Moreover, BCuP@G demonstrates effective tumor accumulation and potent antitumor efficacy, particularly in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy, which promotes tumor-associated macrophage repolarization and T cell infiltration. This study presents a robust cascade-catalytic nanoplatform that integrates redox modulation and immune activation for advanced ferroptosis-enhanced cancer immunotherapy.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enzyme-enhanced albumin-stabilized nanopolymers for cascade catalysis-driven ferroptosis-immunotherapy

  • Peng Yu,
  • Shuchun Yu,
  • Xiaoping Yin,
  • Zihao Zhou,
  • Yixuan Chen,
  • Xuehong Zheng,
  • Jitao Ling,
  • Panpan Xia,
  • Yuhong Dai,
  • Weiwei Zeng,
  • Jing Zhang

摘要

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, holds significant promise for cancer therapy due to its unique redox-driven mechanism and immunogenic potential. However, its therapeutic efficacy is often compromised by inadequate catalytic kinetics and an unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Here, we develop a multifunctional nanocatalyst (BCuP@G) based on albumin-stabilized polypyrrole doped with multivalent Cu ions and conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOx) to enable enzyme-enhanced cascade catalysis for ferroptosis-immunotherapy. The embedded Cu+/Cu2+ redox centers catalyze glutathione depletion and ·OH generation, while GOx continuously supplies H2O2 through glucose oxidation. Upon NIR-II laser irradiation, the photothermal effect further accelerates both enzymatic and catalytic kinetics, triggering excessive redox imbalance, lipid peroxidation, and synergistic ferroptosis-apoptosis. Moreover, BCuP@G demonstrates effective tumor accumulation and potent antitumor efficacy, particularly in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy, which promotes tumor-associated macrophage repolarization and T cell infiltration. This study presents a robust cascade-catalytic nanoplatform that integrates redox modulation and immune activation for advanced ferroptosis-enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Graphical abstract