<p>Peroxynitrite (ONOO<sup>−</sup>) serves as a critical redox signaling molecule in plant stress responses and ferroptosis, yet real time monitoring within complex plant matrices remains challenging. To address this, we synthesized a ratiometric nanosensor (<b>DA</b>) through molecular self-assembly. The <b>DA</b> particles (258&#xa0;nm in diameter) exhibited enhanced sensitivity driven by an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-triggered restricted intramolecular motion mechanism, resulting in distinctive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior. This nanoscale configuration improved tissue penetration and eliminated the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect commonly observed in traditional rhodamine derivatives. Meanwhile, the <b>DA</b> probe featured a large Stokes shift of 167&#xa0;nm and an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.4&#xa0;nM. Leveraging these optical advantages, the nanosensor enabled real-time visualization of ONOO<sup>−</sup> dynamics in plant tissues and quantitative assessment of ONOO<sup>−</sup> accumulation under cadmium (Cd<sup>2+</sup>), sodium chloride (NaCl), and erastin induced stress. This work represents the first application of an ESIPT-AIE hybrid probe for ONOO<sup>−</sup> detection in plants, providing a powerful analytical platform for elucidating oxidative stress mechanisms and advancing strategies to enhance crop resilience.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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An ESIPT-AIE nanosensor for ONOO imaging: decoding heavy metal stress and ferroptosis in living plants

  • Guang-Ye Wang,
  • Shuai Tan,
  • Wei Niu,
  • Feng Gao,
  • Shi-Tao Liu,
  • Ya-Ping Wu,
  • Tian-Li Lu,
  • A-Ling Tang,
  • Xiang Zhou,
  • Song Yang

摘要

Peroxynitrite (ONOO) serves as a critical redox signaling molecule in plant stress responses and ferroptosis, yet real time monitoring within complex plant matrices remains challenging. To address this, we synthesized a ratiometric nanosensor (DA) through molecular self-assembly. The DA particles (258 nm in diameter) exhibited enhanced sensitivity driven by an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-triggered restricted intramolecular motion mechanism, resulting in distinctive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior. This nanoscale configuration improved tissue penetration and eliminated the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect commonly observed in traditional rhodamine derivatives. Meanwhile, the DA probe featured a large Stokes shift of 167 nm and an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.4 nM. Leveraging these optical advantages, the nanosensor enabled real-time visualization of ONOO dynamics in plant tissues and quantitative assessment of ONOO accumulation under cadmium (Cd2+), sodium chloride (NaCl), and erastin induced stress. This work represents the first application of an ESIPT-AIE hybrid probe for ONOO detection in plants, providing a powerful analytical platform for elucidating oxidative stress mechanisms and advancing strategies to enhance crop resilience.

Graphical Abstract