<p>The oral mucosa, as an important barrier to external exposure, is susceptible to damage caused by various factors, leading to a series of clinical symptoms. Traditional treatment methods have problems such as short drug retention time and unstable local exposure, which make it difficult to meet the treatment needs of oral mucosal injuries. Biomaterials-based drug delivery system can significantly improve the local residence time, permeability and bioavailability of drugs through ultra-small particle size, surface modification and controllable release characteristics, and provide precise targeted therapy. This paper summarizes the application of biomaterials-based drug delivery system in oral mucosal injury, and analyzes its advantages in multi-stage collaborative treatment, including prevention of disease, effective treatment and promotion of rehabilitation. Although the current biomaterials-based system has made some progress in improving treatment effect and patient compliance, it still faces challenges such as long-term safety and manufacturing differences. In the future, biomaterials-based drug delivery system is expected to become an important tool for the treatment of oral mucosal diseases and play an important role in clinical practice.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>