<p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Although single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) show promise in cancer therapy, their ferroptosis-inducing capability remains limited. Herein, we present a rationally designed iron-based SAzyme with axial chlorine coordination (FeN<sub>4</sub>Cl) that integrates catalytic and metabolic functions to enhance ferroptosis in TNBC. The engineered Fe-Cl coordination strategically modulates the d-band center relative to the Fermi level, resulting in significantly enhanced peroxidase-like activity (2.0-fold increase) and glutathione oxidase-like activity (3.2-fold increase) activities compared to conventional FeN<sub>4</sub> structures. Importantly, this electronic modulation triggers NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, establishing an autonomous iron supply mechanism that elevates intracellular labile Fe<sup>2+</sup> levels. The synergistic disruption of redox homeostasis coupled with amplified Fenton reactions creates a feedback loop that induces cell death. Encapsulation within red blood cell membranes (FeN<sub>4</sub>Cl/RBC) improves biocompatibility and tumor targeting. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that FeN<sub>4</sub>Cl/RBC substantially suppresses tumor growth through effective ferroptosis, presenting a promising approach for developing clinically relevant nanozyme-based therapeutics.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Chlorine-coordinated iron single-atom nanozymes for amplified ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer therapy

  • Mingming Yin,
  • Bing-Hao Wang,
  • Huijuan Wang,
  • Jie Ouyang,
  • Xingsheng Hu,
  • Xiong Wang,
  • Yongping Liu,
  • Fenghua Xu,
  • Yi Chen,
  • Shuang-Feng Yin

摘要

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Although single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) show promise in cancer therapy, their ferroptosis-inducing capability remains limited. Herein, we present a rationally designed iron-based SAzyme with axial chlorine coordination (FeN4Cl) that integrates catalytic and metabolic functions to enhance ferroptosis in TNBC. The engineered Fe-Cl coordination strategically modulates the d-band center relative to the Fermi level, resulting in significantly enhanced peroxidase-like activity (2.0-fold increase) and glutathione oxidase-like activity (3.2-fold increase) activities compared to conventional FeN4 structures. Importantly, this electronic modulation triggers NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, establishing an autonomous iron supply mechanism that elevates intracellular labile Fe2+ levels. The synergistic disruption of redox homeostasis coupled with amplified Fenton reactions creates a feedback loop that induces cell death. Encapsulation within red blood cell membranes (FeN4Cl/RBC) improves biocompatibility and tumor targeting. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that FeN4Cl/RBC substantially suppresses tumor growth through effective ferroptosis, presenting a promising approach for developing clinically relevant nanozyme-based therapeutics.

Graphical Abstract